Uses of Alkyl Halides Solvents-degreasers and dry cleaning fluid Reagents for synthesis of other compounds Anesthetic:Halothane is CFCHCIBr CHCl3 used originally (toxic and carcinogenic)麻醉剂 In 1847,the Edinburgh obstetrician(产科医师) James Young Simpson first used chloroform for general anesthesia during childbirth. Inhalation anesthetics such as Operation of a chloroform inhaler for Halothane,CF3CHBrCl,derive surgical anesthesia around 1850. their biological activity from Valves pass the incoming air through the polar nature of their C-X cotton dampened with chloroform. bonds
Uses of Alkyl Halides ◼Solvents - degreasers and dry cleaning fluid ◼Reagents for synthesis of other compounds ◼Anesthetic: Halothane is CF3CHClBr ⚫CHCl3 used originally (toxic and carcinogenic)麻醉剂 In 1847, the Edinburgh obstetrician（产科医师） James Young Simpson first used chloroform for general anesthesia during childbirth
Uses of Alkyl Halides Freons,chlorofluorocarbons or CFC's Freon 12,CF2Cl2,now replaced with Freon 22, CF,CHCl,not as harmful to ozone layer. Pesticides DDT banned in U.S. extremely toxic to insects but not as toxic to mammals
Uses of Alkyl Halides ◼Freons, chlorofluorocarbons or CFC’s ⚫Freon 12, CF2Cl2 , now replaced with Freon 22, CF2CHCl, not as harmful to ozone layer. ◼Pesticides – DDT banned in U.S. ⚫extremely toxic to insects but not as toxic to mammals
Uses of Alkyl Halides 杀虫剂、杀灭蚊子（疟疾） ■ DDT1939年后广泛使用（残留高） Srilanka ●1934-1935150万(8万died) ●1963：仅15例 ●1968-1969第二季度60万例 1972:环境保护组织（EPA) 废除 ■冷却液和喷气燃料推进剂
Uses of Alkyl Halides ◼杀虫剂、杀灭蚊子（疟疾） DDT 1939年后广泛使用（残留高） Srilanka : ⚫1934-1935 150万（8万 died） ⚫1963:仅15例 ⚫1968-1969第二季度60万例 1972：环境保护组织（EPA）废除 ◼冷却液和喷气燃料推进剂
Halogenated Steroids as Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Asthmatic Agents OH OH Cortisol Budenoside 0 O-CCH2CH3 SCH,F H:C O-CCH,CH HO CCH-CH HO 氟替卡松 Beclomethasone dipropionate Fluticasone propionate An international study published in early 2004 found that fluticasone was effective in reducing asthma-inducing inflammation in babies from one to three years of age,while having no significant effect on their growth. 哮喘诱发炎症
An international study published in early 2004 found that fluticasone was effective in reducing asthma-inducing inflammation in babies from one to three years of age, while having no significant effect on their growth. 哮喘诱发炎症 氟替卡松
Plant pathologist Frank Westerlund demonstrates the "bromomethane difference"between strawberries grown in a fumigated plot(right)and those not (left).The latter are withered by verticillium wilt,a fungus. The Dilemma of Bromomethane: Highly Useful but Also Highly Toxic
The Dilemma of Bromomethane: Highly Useful but Also Highly Toxic