(A)Gonadotropins Luteinizing (from anterior pituitary) hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) (B)Events in ovary Ovulation Corpus luteum Developing follicle F图 (C)Ovarian hormones Progesterone Estrogen ○w鞋理载 (D)Uterine lining Menses Follicular phase Luteal phase 0 10 15 20 25 Day of menstrual cycle
·Estrogens
• Estrogens
Estrogens Estrogen(堆邀素)Lis a hormone that is produced mainly by the ovaries.The adrenal cortex,placenta,and male testes produce estradiol雌二醇)as well,but at much lower levels and non-cyclically. Estrogens are steroids(类固醇). contributes to the development of secondary sex characteristics: development of breasts further development of the uterus and vagina broadening of the pelvis growth of pubic and axillary hair increase in adipose (fat)tissue participate in the monthly preparation of the body for a possible pregnancy participate in pregnancy if it occurs non-reproductive effects antagonize the effects of the parathyroid hormone(甲状旁腺素)，minimizing the loss of calcium from bones and thus helping to keep bones strong. promote blood clotting
Estrogens Estrogen(雌激素) is a hormone that is produced mainly by the ovaries. The adrenal cortex, placenta, and male testes produce estradiol (雌二醇) as well, but at much lower levels and non‐cyclically. Estrogens are steroids(类固醇). contributes to the development of secondary sex characteristics: development of breasts further development of the uterus and vagina broadening of the pelvis growth of pubic and axillary hair increase in adipose (fat) tissue participate in the monthly preparation of the body for a possible pregnancy participate in pregnancy if it occurs non‐reproductive effects antagonize the effects of the parathyroid hormone(甲状旁腺素), minimizing the loss of calcium from bones and thus helping to keep bones strong. promote blood clotting
The naturally occurring estrogen in humans for both the estrogen receptor alpha-and beta-mediated actions include 17beta-estradiol (estradiol)( 醇)，estrone(雌酮)and estriol(雌三醇 Estradiol is the most potent estrogen. Estrone is the predominant circulating estrogen in postmenopausal women and it is produced primarily from conversion of androstenedione originating from the gonads or the adrenal cortex in peripheral tissues. Estriol is only produced in significant amounts during pregnancy,because it is the predominant estrogen made by the placentH IOH HO HO HO Estriol Estradiol Estrone Estriol Note two hydroxyl(-OH)groups attached to the D ring(rightmost ring) Estradiol.Note one hydroxyl group attached to the D ring.The 'di'refers both to this hydroxyl and the one on the A ring (leftmost). Estrone.Note the ketone(=O)group attached to the D ring
Estriol A D D D A A Estradiol Estrone Estriol Note two hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to the D ring (rightmost ring) Estradiol. Note one hydroxyl group attached to the D ring. The 'di' refers both to this hydroxyl and the one on the A ring (leftmost). Estrone. Note the ketone (=O) group attached to the D ring. The naturally occurring estrogen in humans for both the estrogen receptor alpha‐ and beta‐mediated actions include 17beta‐estradiol (estradiol)(雌二 醇 ), estrone(雌酮) and estriol(雌三醇). Estradiol is the most potent estrogen. Estrone is the predominant circulating estrogen in postmenopausal women and it is produced primarily from conversion of androstenedione originating from the gonads or the adrenal cortex in peripheral tissues. Estriol is only produced in significant amounts during pregnancy, because it is the predominant estrogen made by the placenta
Synthetic estrogen like ethynyl estradiol炔雌醇)are commonly used in oral contraceptives. Conjugated estrogen,which is a mixture of estrogens and especially of estrone and equilin(马烯雌酮)for oral administration in the form of the sodium salts of their sulfate esters,is used to estrogen replacement therapy
Synthetic estrogen like ethynyl estradiol(炔雌醇) are commonly used in oral contraceptives. Conjugated estrogen, which is a mixture of estrogens and especially of estrone and equilin(马烯雌酮) for oral administration in the form of the sodium salts of their sulfate esters, is used to estrogen replacement therapy