Summary Fuel Cell Characterization In situ electrochemical characterization techniques Ex situ characterization techniques 27
27 Summary Fuel Cell Characterization • In situ electrochemical characterization techniques • Ex situ characterization techniques
Think about them 1. Who first demonstrated the concept of a fuel cell,i.e.,directly convert the chemical energy from hydrogen to electricity?(10 points) 2. When (in which year)and how was the concept of a fuel cell first demonstrated(10 points)? 3. What is a fuel cell(10 points)? 4. Describe how a fuel cell works(10 points). 5. When and by whom was the first practical fuel cell device demonstrated(10 points)? 6. What role can fuel cells provide in a globally sustainable energy supply(10 points)? 7. List the major similarities and differences between a fuel cell and a battery.(10 points) 8. List the major similarities and differences between a fuel cell and a heat engine.(10 points) 9. List four major advantages of fuel cells compared to other power conversion devices.(10 points) 10.List four limitations of fuel cells that prevent the widespread adoption of fuel cells in the market.(10 points) 11. Why direct methanol fuel cell has been extensively studied for portable applications(10 points)? 12. Why solid oxide fuel cells have been extensively explored for combined heat and power(CHP)applications(10 points)? 13. Why molten carbonate fuel cell has been explored for large-scale(MW-range)stationary applications(10 points)? 14. Why fuel cells have good potential for defense-related applications(10 points)? 15. Please list at least five major reasons to use fuel cells for transportation applications(10 points). 16. Please list at least three fuel cell companies that can power fuel cell buses and provide the sources of your information(10 points). 17. Please provide examples of fuel cell cars from at least three different car manufacturers and provide the sources of your information(10 points). 18. What are some of the challenges and obstacles for commercialization of fuel cell vehicles(10 points)? 19. What are the typical components in a fuel cell system(10 points)? 20. What are the functions of the fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system(10 points)? 21. Why heat management is needed in a typical fuel cell system(10 points)? 22. For stationary utility scale application using natural gas as fuel,which type of fuel reforming is preferred,steam reforming or catalytic partial oxidation,for a solid oxide fuel cell system?Please defend your selection(10 points). 23.Why is the fuel reforming process more complicated for a PEM fuel cell system than for a solid oxide fuel cell system?(10 points). 24. What are the functions of the power electronics subsystem in a fuel cell system?(10 points) 25. Why do we want to perform fuel cell performance evaluation?(10 points) 26. What are the typical in situ characterization techniques to evaluate the performance of a fuel cell?(10 points) 28
28 Think about them 1. Who first demonstrated the concept of a fuel cell, i.e., directly convert the chemical energy from hydrogen to electricity? (10 points) 2. When (in which year) and how was the concept of a fuel cell first demonstrated (10 points)? 3. What is a fuel cell (10 points)? 4. Describe how a fuel cell works (10 points). 5. When and by whom was the first practical fuel cell device demonstrated (10 points)? 6. What role can fuel cells provide in a globally sustainable energy supply (10 points)? 7. List the major similarities and differences between a fuel cell and a battery. (10 points) 8. List the major similarities and differences between a fuel cell and a heat engine. (10 points) 9. List four major advantages of fuel cells compared to other power conversion devices. (10 points) 10. List four limitations of fuel cells that prevent the widespread adoption of fuel cells in the market. (10 points) 11. Why direct methanol fuel cell has been extensively studied for portable applications (10 points)? 12. Why solid oxide fuel cells have been extensively explored for combined heat and power (CHP) applications (10 points)? 13. Why molten carbonate fuel cell has been explored for large-scale (MW-range) stationary applications (10 points)? 14. Why fuel cells have good potential for defense-related applications ( 10 points)? 15. Please list at least five major reasons to use fuel cells for transportation applications (10 points). 16. Please list at least three fuel cell companies that can power fuel cell buses and provide the sources of your information (10 points). 17. Please provide examples of fuel cell cars from at least three different car manufacturers and provide the sources of your information (10 points). 18. What are some of the challenges and obstacles for commercialization of fuel cell vehicles (10 points)? 19. What are the typical components in a fuel cell system (10 points)? 20. What are the functions of the fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system (10 points)? 21. Why heat management is needed in a typical fuel cell system (10 points)? 22. For stationary utility scale application using natural gas as fuel, which type of fuel reforming is preferred, steam reforming or catalytic partial oxidation, for a solid oxide fuel cell system? Please defend your selection (10 points). 23. Why is the fuel reforming process more complicated for a PEM fuel cell system than for a solid oxide fuel cell system? (10 points). 24. What are the functions of the power electronics subsystem in a fuel cell system? (10 points) 25. Why do we want to perform fuel cell performance evaluation? (10 points) 26. What are the typical in situ characterization techniques to evaluate the performance of a fuel cell? (10 points)
Fuel Cell Voltage What is the max.voltage of a fuel cell? How to calculate the max.voltage of a fuel cell? What factors will influence the max.voltage? 29
What is the max. voltage of a fuel cell? 29 Fuel Cell Voltage What factors will influence the max. voltage? How to calculate the max. voltage of a fuel cell?
Nomenclature Capital letter:G:absolute value Lowercase letter:g: a molar (or mass)specific quantity (kJ/mol or kJ/kg) 30
30 Nomenclature Capital letter: G: absolute value Lowercase letter: : a molar (or mass) specific quantity (kJ/mol or kJ/kg) g
First Law The first law of thermodynamics d(Energy)univ =d(Energy)system +d(Energy)surroundings=0 d(Energy)system=-d(Energy)surroundings There are two ways that energy can be transferred between a closed system and its surroundings:via heat (O)or work (W). du do-dw ↑ work done by the system heat transferred to the system internal energy of a closed system 31
First Law 31 The first law of thermodynamics There are two ways that energy can be transferred between a closed system and its surroundings: via heat (Q) or work (W). internal energy of a closed system heat transferred to the system work done by the system