Self-strengthening Movement
Self-Strengthening Movement
A“ Changed Situation After 1860 a segment of the literati realized that China was faced a new situation ..(pien-tung, pien- aian, pien-C What made the literati recognize the so-calledchanged situation??? How was the situation?' characterized? The changed situation, in literatis record, was"the greatest change in a/three/ five thousand years, unprecedented, unalterable, etc --why? a What did the"changed situation'mean to those official- scholars(who had such recognition
A “Changed Situation” After 1860 a segment of the literati realized that China was faced a new situation … (pien-tung, pienduan, pien-chü) What made the literati recognize the so-called “changed situation”? How was the “situation” characterized? The “changed situation,” in literati’s record, was “the greatest change in a/three/five thousand years,” “unprecedented,” “unalterable,” etc. -- why? What did the “changed situation” mean to those officialscholars (who had such recognition)?
Reformers and in their mind Many literati-officials recognized the dawning of a new era, but the theoretical basis of the change Reformers looked to tradition for answers Confucian ideology(after 1860s Restoration of the tung- chih tongzhi) period-application of traditional principles to the new situations-had the Confucian sages lived in the 19th century, would have acted in a similar manner Book of Changes(l-ching, Yi Jing"exhausted situation leads to change and this change then leads to success Cosmology, yun-bui, a mystically predestined change reform-minded scholars took it as what?
Reformers and in their mind… Many literati-officials recognized the dawning of a new era, but the theoretical basis of the change… Reformers – looked to tradition for answers Confucian ideology (after 1860s’ Restoration of the T’ungchih (Tongzhi) period)– application of traditional principles to the new situations – had the Confucian sages lived in the 19th century, would have acted in a similar manner. Book of Changes (I-ching, Yi Jing) “exhausted situation leads to change and this change then leads to success” Cosmology, yun-hui, a mystically predestined change – reform-minded scholars took it as what?
Politic cal Imperial Lis sm intensified as the 1gtn century progressed Imperialism in the nineteenth century RUSSIAN EMPIRE ■ Foreign attacks 丿APAN British(1839-42 MO NG O L I A ■ Anglo- French Tian Shan (1858-60 TURKESTA F french XINJIANG (1883-85) C H I emi-Colonial AFGHANISTAN CHUA Tibetan Plate EAST iwan CHINA Possession ■ Russian BRITISH INDIA ■| apanese BURMA ■ French ARABIAN Krishna British German
Political Imperialism intensified as the 19th century progressed… Foreign attacks British (1839-42) Anglo-French (1858-60) French (1883-85) Semi-Colonial Possession Russian Japanese French British German
Maintenance of peace After the Second Opium War and further negotiation for treaty revision -Westerners were allowed to enter Chinese cities(as well as some parts of inland To develop new Chinese institutions, to conduct foreign relations, a change in the courts attitude and policy. Prince Kung and the Tsungli Yamen(a special board dealing with all aspects of relations foreign affairs)-a subcommittee under the Grand Council, prototype of Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1901 a The New Foreign Policy'-during mid-1860s, why first Taiping and Nien bandits, and then foreigners?
Maintenance of Peace After the Second Opium War and further negotiation for treaty revision – Westerners were allowed to enter Chinese cities (as well as some parts of inland) To develop new Chinese institutions, to conduct foreign relations, a change in the court’s attitude and policy. Prince Kung and the Tsungli Yamen (a special board dealing with all aspects of relations foreign affairs)– a subcommittee under the Grand Council, prototype of Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1901. “The New Foreign Policy” – during mid-1860s, why first Taiping and Nien bandits, and then foreigners?