Ideological Ferment and the may Fourth
Ideological Ferment and the May Fourth
Political Background The revolution of 1911: Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president; however, had little power to control the forces behind it Yuan Shikai, the builder of the New army in North China, an the peking government. 2. 12 the Last manchu Emperor abdicated to Yuan The end of monarchy in 1912 marked the beginning of a crisis of authority and central power(warlordism Nationalism( Chinese state, culture and people) had not yet found institutional expression Why did the 1911 revolution fail to build a new Chinese state?
Political Background ► The revolution of 1911: Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president; however, had little power to control the forces behind it. ► Yuan Shikai, the builder of the New Army in North China, ran the Peking government – 1912.2.12 the Last Manchu Emperor abdicated to Yuan ► The end of monarchy in 1912 marked the beginning of a crisis of authority and central power (warlordism) ► Nationalism (Chinese state, culture and people) had not yet found institutional expression. ► Why did the 1911 revolution fail to build a new Chinese state?
Social Background Parliament dissolved, and in 1915-1916 Yuan attempted to establish himself as emperor -abandoned and died Republic's decline into Warlordism(1916-1928) regionalism, coolie armies, and natural geographic boundaries Sun Yat-sen's Second revolution-to achieve revolutionary objectives through warlord channels, 1917 cooperate, with Canton warlords, 1922 first but abortive northern campaign. The growth of Urban Nationalism Shanghai as an industrial center with a large factory labor class; new life style and a proletarian class for mass movements
Social Background ► Parliament dissolved, and in 1915-1916 Yuan attempted to establish himself as emperor – abandoned and died. ► Republic’s decline into Warlordism (1916-1928) – regionalism, coolie armies, and natural geographic boundaries ► Sun Yat-sen’s “Second Revolution” – to achieve revolutionary objectives through warlord channels; 1917 cooperate, with Canton warlords; 1922 first but abortive northern campaign. ► The growth of Urban Nationalism – Shanghai as an industrial center with a large factory labor class; new life style and a proletarian class for mass movements
1915, Yuan signed the 21 Demands"with Japanese scholars and students wrote to protest against it B八乘已店厚 月量汽民中 三 本面数 國 本根日嵛第二張作國纪念等 國 。月 日 2及 MORNING 勿 POST 回十四一静 长念日
1915, Yuan signed the “21 Demands” with Japanese – scholars and students wrote to protest against it