16.1 Monosaccharides16.1.1Classification16.1.2 D and L seriesCHOCH,OH*CHOHC=0CH2OHCH2OHGlyceraldehydedihydroxy acetone
16.1 Monosaccharides 16.1.1 Classification 16.1.2 D and L series C CH2 OH O CH2 OH CHOH CH2 OH CHO * Glyceraldehyde dihydroxy acetone
OO三IC-HC-H℃-OHHO-℃-HHCH2OHCH2OHD-(+)-glyceraldehydeL-(-)-glyceraldehydeR-(+)-glyceraldehydeS-(-)-glyceraldehyde
C H O C CH2 OH H OH C H O C CH2 OH HO H D-(+)-glyceraldehyde L-(-)-glyceraldehyde R-(+)-glyceraldehyde S-(-)-glyceraldehyde
CHOCHOH-C-OHH-C-OHHO-C-HHO-C-HH-C-OHH-C-OHH-C-OHH-C-OHCH2OHCH,OH飞楔式a5Fischer投影式b、CH2OHCH.OH-0HHOHOHHHOHH16.1.3OHHOHOHHOHHOHHOHStructureHaworthHOH2CHOH,COHOHOOHHOHOOHOHOHβ-D-(+)-葡萄糖α-D-(+)-葡萄糖
16.1.3 Structure CHO C C C C CH2OH OH H OH H OH H HO H CHO C C C C CH2OH OH H OH H OH H HO H O H H OH OH H OH CH2OH OH H H O OH H OH OH H CH2OH H OH H H O HO HO HOH2C OH OH O HO HO HOH2C OH OH a 、飞楔式 b、Fischer投影式 c d e f -D-(+)-葡萄糖 -D-(+)-葡萄糖 Haworth
CH2OHCHOH0CH2OHH-C-OH31OH-C-HOHH41H-C-OHOHHOHHLLCHOCH=OOH/1H-C-OHCCCCH,OHHOHHOHCH2OHCH,OH00HHHOHHH福OHHOHHOHHOHOHNCHHOHOHα-D-(+)-glucoseβ-D-(+)-glucose
C OH C CHO H C H C OH OH CH2OH OH H H 1 2 3 4 5 6 C C CH2OH C C CH O H OH OH H OH H 1 3 2 4 5 6 C C O C C CH O H CH2OH H OH H OH H 1 3 2 4 5 6 H OH C C O C C C CH2OH H OH H OH H H OH H OH C C O C C C CH2OH H OH H OH H H OH OH H -D-(+)-glucose -D-(+)-glucose
16.1.4 MutarotationCHOHOHHOH2CHOH2CHHO0OHOHOOHHOHHOHOOHOHHOHOHCH2OHα-D-(+)-glucopyranoseβ-D-(+)-glucopyranosemp 150 ℃,[α lb25=+18.7 °mp 146℃,[α lb25=+112°~0.1%~64%~36%
16.1.4 Mutarotation O HO HO OH HOH2C OH O HO HO OH HOH2C OH CHO H OH HO H H OH CH2OH H OH -D-(+)-glucopyranose -D-(+)-glucopyranose mp 146℃,[ ]D 25=+112° mp 150 ℃, [ ]D 25=+18.7 ° ~36% ~0.1% ~64%