Functional Groups to Learn Nitrogen-Containing Sulfur-Containing Hydrocarbons amine Oxygen-Containing sulfide alkane nitrile alcohol alkene o c thiol nitro alkyne 一CC一 phenol sulfoxide diene imine ether sulfone arene epoxide Carboxylic Acid thioester Derivatives carboxylic Halogen-Containing ketone acid halide 8 alkyl halide Carboxylic aldehyde acid anhydride 18-08 aryl halide ester carboxylic acid 48中 amide 8
Hydrocarbons alkane 烷烃 Oxygen-Containing -c -ane alcohol alkene烯烃 -ene an炔烃 -CC一 phenol 轻 ether are 芳香烃 epoxide 脂环烃 Halogen-Containing ketone 卤代烷烃 alkyl halide aldehyde 卤代芳烃 aryl halide carboxylic acid
烷烃 烯烃 炔烃 芳香烃 二烯烃 脂环烃 卤代烷烃 卤代芳烃 –ane –ene –yne
Recognition of functional groups ■含氧化合物Containing Oxygen 醇、酚、醚、醛、酮、醌 ●Alcohols R-OH；Phenols Ar-OH；Ethers R-O-R; Aldehydes,Ketones Quinones R(H)C=O,R2 C=O 羧酸、酯、酰胺、酸酐、酰卤 Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives Acid chlorides;Acid Anhydrides;Amides;Esters RCOOH,RCOOR',RCONR'2,RCOX
◼含氧化合物 Containing Oxygen 醇、酚、醚、醛、酮、醌 ⚫ Alcohols R-OH；Phenols Ar-OH； Ethers R-O-R； ⚫ Aldehydes, Ketones ,Quinones R(H)C=O, R2 C=O 羧酸、酯、酰胺、酸酐、酰卤 ⚫ Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives ⚫ Acid chlorides; Acid Anhydrides; Amides; Esters ◼ RCOOH, RCOOR’, RCONR’2 , RCOX Recognition of functional groups
Recognition of functional groups 含氮化合物Containir Nitrogen-Containing ●胺Amines:RNH2,R2N amine -C-N- 亚胺Imines:-C=NH,- 胺 ●腈Nitrile:RCN(-CN,c nitrile 腈 ●硝基Nitro compoundsl ●亚硝基Nitroso compou 硝基 nitro ●偶氮Azo-N=N- 重氮盐Diazonium salt 亚胺 硝酸酯Nitrate R-ONO2 imine 亚硝酸酯Nitrite R-ONO
Recognition of functional groups ◼含氮化合物 Containing Nitrogen: ⚫ 胺 Amines: RNH2 , R2NH, R3N, （R4N+X-） ⚫ 亚胺 Imines: -C=NH, -C=NR; ⚫ 腈 Nitrile: RCN (-CN, cyano group ) ⚫ 硝基 Nitro compounds R-NO2 ⚫ 亚硝基 Nitroso compounds R-NO ⚫ 偶氮Azo －N=N－ ⚫ 重氮盐Diazonium salt -N三N＋ ⚫ 硝酸酯 Nitrate R-ONO2 ⚫ 亚硝酸酯 Nitrite R-ONO
Sulfur-Contairg sulfide 硫醚 e-SH R++X thiol 硫醇 Thiophenol硫酚 sulfoxide 亚砜 砜 sulfone -6 硫代酯 thioester
官能团 ◼Containing halogen ⚫Alkyl Halides +R-X - R+ + X- ◼Containing Sulfur ⚫磺酸 －SO3H； ⚫硫醇 Thiols ⚫硫酚 Thiophenol－SH Thiophenol 硫酚