Functional Groups ■官能团(Functional Groups): The atomor group ofatoms that defines the structure of a particular family of organic compounds and,at the same time determines their properties Structuralfeatures that allow for classification of compounds into families The structuralsimilarities in these compounds lead to chemical similarities ●官能团：有机分子中比较活泼、易发生化学反应的 原子或原子团 ●官能团：赋予有机物一类特征结构并决定其性质的 原子或原子团
Functional Groups ◼官能团（Functional Groups)： ⚫The atom or group of atoms that defines the structure of a particular family of organic compounds and, at the same time determines their properties ⚫Structural features that allow for classification of compounds into families ⚫The structural similarities in these compounds lead to chemical similarities ⚫官能团: 有机分子中比较活泼、易发生化学反应的 原子或原子团 ⚫官能团: 赋予有机物一类特征结构并决定其性质的 原子或原子团
Functional Groups It should be noted that the importance of a functional group cannot be overstated. A functional group affects or determines all of the following properties of a molecule: ●Bonding and shape Chemical reactivity ● Type and strength of intermolecular forces Physical properties Nomenclature
Functional Groups ◼It should be noted that the importance of a functional group cannot be overstated. ◼A functional group affects or determines all of the following properties of a molecule: ⚫ Bonding and shape ⚫ Chemical reactivity ⚫ Type and strength of intermolecular forces ⚫ Physical properties ⚫ Nomenclature
Functional Groups A given functional group Double behaves in nearly the bond CH same way in every molecule it is a part of The chemistry of every organic molecule, regardless of size and Ethylene Menthene complexity,is determined by the functional groups. -Bromine added here In the reactions ofethylene and menthene with bromine both molecules react with Br2 in the C-CH3 same way
Functional Groups ◼A given functional group behaves in nearly the same way in every molecule it is a part of ◼The chemistry of every organic molecule, regardless of size and complexity, is determined by the functional groups. ⚫In the reactions of ethylene and menthene with bromine both molecules react with Br2 in the same way
认一认这些母体化合物 C三C- 烯烃 炔烃 苯，芳香烃 卤代烃 醇 磷酸酯 N: C-SH 胺 硫醇 硫醚 二硫化物
认一认这些母体化合物 烯烃 卤代烃 醇 炔烃 苯，芳香烃 胺 硫醇 醚 磷酸酯 硫醚 二硫化物
认一认这些母体化合物 OH 酯 醛 酮 羧酸 硫代酯 酰胺 酰氯 酸酐
认一认这些母体化合物 醛 酮 羧酸 硫代酯 酯 酰胺 酰氯 酸酐