Whilst a number of characteristics affect the overall quality and acceptability of both fresh and frozen meats, tenderness is the major characteristic of eating quality because it determines the ease with which meat can be chewed and swallowed. The tenderness of meat is affected by both chilling/freezing and storage. Under the proper conditions, tenderness is well maintained throughout the chilled/frozen storage life, but improper chilling/freezing can produce severe toughening and meat of poor eating quality

The quality of fresh meat exposed for retail sale is initially judged on its appearance. The presence of exudate or'drip', which accumulates in the container of prepackaged meat or in trays or dishes of unwrapped meat, substantially reduces its sales appeal (Malton and James, 1983). Drip can be referred to by a number of different names including purge loss',press loss'and 'thaw loss'depending on the method of measurement and when it is measured. In general, beef tends to lose proportionately more drip than pork or lamb. Since most of the exudate comes from the cut ends of muscle fibres

Microbiology of refrigerated meat There are many pertinent texts on the microbiology of meats. The purpose of this chapter is to examine briefly the types of micro-organisms and con- ditions that are of interest in relation to the refrigeration of meat and meat products. In a perfect world, meat would be completely free of pathogenic(food poisoning

一、学习内容 1、食品化学的概念及分类 2、食品化学的发展史 3、现代食品化学的发展方向 二、重点与难点

一、填空题 1、冰的导热系数在0℃时近似为同温度下水的导热系数的4倍,冰的热扩 散系数约为水的5倍,说明在同一环境中,冰比水能更快的改变自身的温度。水 和冰的导热系数和热扩散系数上较大的差异,就导致了在相同温度下组织材料冻 结的速度比解冻的速度快。 2、一般的食物在冻结后解冻往往有大量的汁液流出,其主要原因是冻结后 冰的体积比相同质量的水的体积增大9%,因而破坏了组织结构

一、概述 食品中的有毒成分主要来源于以下几个方面(1)食品中天然存在的毒素,如苦杏仁中 的氰化物;(2)食品中生物污染的毒素,如黄曲霉毒素;(3)食品中化学污染的毒素,如重 金属等;(4)食品加工过程中形成的毒素,如赖丙氨酸等

一、概述 1、食品添加剂 食品添加剂指在食品生产、加工、抱擦背感等过程中,为改善食品质地及其色、香、味, 改善食品结构,防止食品氧化、腐败变质和为加工需要而假如食品的一类物质

一、概述 风味:这个概念是在1986年Hall.R.L提出的,是指摄入口腔的食物使人的感觉器官, 包括味觉、嗅觉、痛觉、触觉和温觉等所产生的感觉印象,即食物客观性使人产生的感觉印 象的总和

一、概述 颜色:人对眼睛视网膜接受到的光信号作出反应,在大脑中产生的某种感觉。色素:食品中呈现各种颜色的物质。 色素分类: ①来源:天然色素和人工合成色素;动物色素(红血素、虾青素等)、植物色素(叶绿素、胡箩卜素、花青素等)、微生物色素(红曲色素); ②溶解性:脂溶性和水溶性;

一、概述 脂类指存在于生物体中或食品中微溶于水,能溶于有机溶剂的一类化合物的总称。 1油脂的分类 ①按物理状态分:脂肪(常温下为固态)和油(常温下为液态); ②按化学结构分:简单脂:酰基脂,蜡;复合脂:鞘脂类(鞘氨酸、脂肪酸、磷酸盐