Lactose is the principal carbohydrate in the milks of all mammals; non mammalian sources are very rare. Milk contains only trace amounts of other sugars, including glucose(50 mg\), fructose, glucosamine, galac- tosamine, neuraminic acid and neutral and acidic oligosaccharides The concentration of lactose in milk varies widely between species(Table 2.1). The lactose content of cows'milk varies with the breed of cow

Milk is a fluid secreted by the female of all mamalian species, of which there are more than 4000, for the primary function of meeting the complete nutritional requirements of the neonate of the species. In addition, milk serves several physiological functions for the neonate. Most of the non- nutritional functions of milk are served by proteins and peptides which

Contents Preface 1 Separation processes- an overview S. Grandison and M. J. Lewis 1.1 Foods the raw material 1.2 Separation techniques 1.2.1 Introduction 1.2.2 Separations from solids

Preface This book concentrates on the more recent methods and techniques for separating food components and products of the biotechnology industry. Each chapter deals with a specific type or area of application and includes information on the basic principles

Index adsorption recycle extraction, continuous, 196 concentration polarisation, 72 adsorption systems, expanded bed, 195 concentration polarisation, UF, 106, 146 adsorption, SCF, 40 critical T and P for supercritical fluids, 20 affinity chromatography, 202 crystallisation, 230

This book concentrates on the more recent methods and techniques for separating food components and products of the biotechnology industry. Each chapter deals with a specific type or area of application and includes information on the basic principles, industrial equipment available, commercial applications and an overview of current research and development and some of the heat and mass transfer considerations in batch and continuous processes Separations from solids, liquids and gases are briefly discussed. A summary is provided of the more conventional separation techniques such as screening, filtration and centrifugation, and techniques for

Chapter 9 Solids separation processes M.J. LEWIS, Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Reading RG6 6AP 9.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter will cover the separations involving solid foods, together with the propertie

Chapter 8 Fractionation of fat KANES K. RAJAH, Welsh Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberyst- wyth, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 3DD 8.1 INTRODUCTION Edible fats are derived from animal, marine or plant sources. They are often not available

Chapter 7 Innovative separation methods in bioprocessing J. A. ASENJO, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK and J. B. CHAUDHURI, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath

Chapter 6 Ion-exchange and electrodialysis ALISTAIR S. GRANDISON, Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK Ion-exchange and electrodialysis are distinct methods of separation, but can conveniently be treated together, as the basic criterion for separation in both cases is the molecular