4.2.1 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov:Sep.14, 1849 – Feb.27, 1936 ＊Place of birth: Ryazan (Russia) ＊ Education: Studied medicine at St. Petersburg (Russia)

4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndyke:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University

Anything that can be learned from direct experience can also be learned by indirect or vicarious experience

3.1 What is learning? Are they instances of learning? (1) A young child takes his first steps. (2) An adolescent male feels a strong attraction to certain females. (3) A child feels anxious when he sees the doctor coming with a needle. (4) Long after learning how to multiply, a girl realizes on her own that another way to multiply by 5 is to divided by 2 and multiply by 10(e.g. 428×5 can by figured as follows:428/2=214 ×10=2140)

4.1 Thorndike’s Connectionism 4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndike:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University. 1895-1897,studied psychology in Harvard Unviversity.(James) 1897-1898, studied in Columbia University, and got his PH.D.(Kattel) 1912, became Chairman of APA

2.1.Whatis development? Development refers to the ways people grow,adapt, and change during their lifetimes. physical development, personality development,socioemotional development, cognitive development(thinking), and languagedevelopment

3.1 A brief history of western E.P. The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education

References Some journals in English: 1.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition. American Psychology Association(APA) 2.Journal of Educational Psychology,APA 3. Contemporary Educational PsychologyAPA 4. Educational Psychologist.APA

The educator’s job is not increase motivation per se(本身）but to discover, initiate, and sustain student’s motivation to learn, and to engage in activities that lead to learning

一、【教学 目的】了解敬业精神的涵义、构成以及基本要求；敬业精神在大学生成长中的作用意义；教育大学生掌握培养敬业精神的途径。 二、【教学重点】大学生如何培养敬业精神 三、【教学难点】敬业精神的构成