Childhood Nutrition
Childhood Nutrition
Nutritional requirements To live, to grow and thrive, humans must take in nutrients from their environment Before birth there are supplied by the mother, but thereafter they must be ingested If too little is provided, the infant will not grow and may become ill, and too much may lead to toxicity or obesity
Nutritional requirements ➢ To live, to grow and thrive, humans must take in nutrients from their environment. Before birth there are supplied by the mother, but thereafter they must be ingested. ➢ If too little is provided, the infant will not grow and may become ill, and too much may lead to toxicity or obesity
Classification of nutrients (2000 Chinese dris) Energy Macronutrients protein, fat, carbohydrates Micronutrients: minerals. vitamins Other diet's components Dietary fiber, water, and others
Classification of nutrients (2000 Chinese DRIs) ➢ Energy ➢ Macronutrients protein, fat , carbohydrates ➢ Micronutrients: Minerals, Vitamins ➢ Other diet’s components Dietary fiber, water, and others
一、 Energy Function Food sources Requirement Five broad uses to which energy >Protein 9-15% intake is put: >Carbohydrate n>Basal metabolism: 50-60% 45-55% ><ly, 110kcal/kg/d le/> Requirement for growth: 20-30%/>Fat 35-45% >Reduce 10 cal/kg/d Specific dynamic action: 7-8% 1g protein =4 Kcal when raise every 3 9> Requirement for physical 1g carbohydrate =4 kcal year activity: 15-20Kcal/kg/d 1g fat=9 kcal Energy lost in excreta: 10% Notes: If calories are being obtained from a variety of foods, an adequate intake of calories will usually ensure an adequate intake of essential nutrients Therefore calories should be the first item to be evaluated in assessing a dietary history
Function Food sources Requirement E n e r g y Five broad uses to which energy intake is put: ➢ Basal metabolism: 50-60% ➢ Requirement for growth:20-30% ➢ Specific dynamic action: 7-8% ➢ Requirement for physical activity: 15-20Kcal/kg/d ➢ Energy lost in excreta: 10% ➢Protein 9~15% ➢Carbohydrate 45~55% ➢Fat 35~45% 1g protein = 4 Kcal 1g carbohydrate = 4 kcal 1g fat = 9 kcal ➢<1y, 110kcal/kg/d ➢Reduce 10 cal/kg/d when raise every 3 year 一、Energy Notes: If calories are being obtained from a variety of foods, an adequate intake of calories will usually ensure an adequate intake of essential nutrients. Therefore calories should be the first item to be evaluated in assessing a dietary history
三、 Macronutrients Function Food sources Requirement >Protein is a constituent of Breast feeding all body tissues. There is a Milk production,2a/ka/d requirement for growth and egg, fish, meat, cow milk for maintenance bean etc Protein feeding 3. 5g/kg/d >In infant and children Animal protein Plant protein optimal growth depends on is better than an adequate dietary protein plant protein Feeding 4g/kg/d supply Nine essential amino acids: histidine, isoleucine leucine lysine methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine Conditional essential amino acids: cystine taurine arginin
二、Macronutrients Function Food sources Requirement Protein ➢Protein is a constituent of all body tissues. There is a requirement for growth and for maintenance. ➢In infant and children, optimal growth depends on an adequate dietary protein supply Milk production, egg, fish, meat, bean etc. Animal protein is better than plant protein ➢ Breast feeding 2g/kg/d ➢ cow milk feeding 3.5g/kg/d ➢ Plant protein Feeding 4g/kg/d Nine essential amino acids: histidine，isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine Conditional essential amino acids: cystine, taurine, arginine