Table 5.1 Results of Rinne'stestTuningforresultsNomenclatureInterpretation1.AC>BCR+Normal2.AC>BC(bothreduced)R+ (reduced)Perceptive deafness3.AC-BCR=Slight conductive deafness4,AConly,NoBCR+infinitelySevere perceptive deafnessR-Conductive deafness5.BC>ACVery severe conductive deafnessR-infinitely6,BC only,otherear maskedVery severe or toral perceptive deafnessR-(False) Falsenegative Rinne7.BConly,other ear lef Unmasked
Weber's test A vibrating tuning fork is heldeither on the vertex root of the nose or on theupper incisor teeth. The patient is asked in whichear the sound is best heardinterpretation1.Whenthe sound isheard inthecenter of thehead orequally on both sides it is called weber's centralized and isfound in normal persons or may occur in patients havingbilateral,symmetrical conductive hearing loss2.If sound isheard louder on one side than the other,then itis called weber's lateralized to that particular side.Weber'stest gets lateralized tothe deaf ear in conductive deafnessand towardsthenormal ear insensorineural deafness
• Weber's test A vibrating tuning fork is held either on the vertex ,root of the nose or on the upper incisor teeth. The patient is asked in which ear the sound is best heard. • interpretation • 1.When the sound is heard in the center of the head or equally on both sides it is called weber's centralized and is found in normal persons or may occur in patients having bilateral,symmetrical conductive hearing loss. • 2.If sound is heard louder on one side than the other,then it is called weber's lateralized to that particular side.Weber's test gets lateralized to the deaf ear in conductive deafness and towards the normal ear in sensorineural deafness
Fig.5.5Absolutebone conductintesFig.5.4Weber'stest
Absolute bone conduction(ABC) testThis compares the absolute bone conduction of the patientwiththat oftheexaminer.Thehearingofthe examinerisconsidered to be normal. The vibrating fork is held on themastoid of the patient, closing the external meatus firmly withthe tragus ,the patient is asked to signal when he no longerhears the sound. The fork is then transferred by the examinerto his own mastoid closing the external meatusinterpretation1.if the examiner still hears the vibration of the fork,theabsolute bone conductionof thepatient is said tobereducedThis isfoundinperceptivedeafness2.if the examiner also does not hear the sound of thefork,absolute bone conduction is regarded as normal
• Absolute bone conduction(ABC) test This compares the absolute bone conduction of the patient with that of the examiner.The hearing of the examiner is considered to be normal. The vibrating fork is held on the mastoid of the patient, closing the external meatus firmly with the tragus ,the patient is asked to signal when he no longer hears the sound. The fork is then transferred by the examiner to his own mastoid closing the external meatus. interpretation 1.if the examiner still hears the vibration of the fork,the absolute bone conduction of the patient is said to be reduced. This is found in perceptive deafness. 2.if the examiner also does not hear the sound of the fork,absolute bone conduction is regarded as normal
Puretone audiometryThe pure-tone audiometer gives a range of puretones,the intensity of which can be adjusted in 5.decibel steps. Air conduction thresholds are usuallymeasured between 250 and 8000 cycles persecond(0.25-8KHz),although the normal humanrangefor hearing extends considerably above thisfrequency in the healthy young person.Boneconduction thresholds aremeasured between 250and4000Hz
Pure tone audiometry The pure-tone audiometer gives a range of pure tones,the intensity of which can be adjusted in 5- decibel steps. Air conduction thresholds are usually measured between 250 and 8000 cycles per second(0.25-8KHz),although the normal human range for hearing extends considerably above this frequency in the healthy young person.Bone conduction thresholds are measured between 250 and 4000Hz