●●● 、化性: ●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● 1)水解 RCOCI HCI (RCO)20 RCOOR +H2O水 RCOOH RCOOH+ R'OH RCONH2 NH RCN HO, NaoH CH, CH, COOH OH CH3C--NH Br EtoH-H2O, KOH △.95% CH3 COK H2N Br
1)水解 RCOCl (RCO)2O RCOOR' RCONH2 + H2O H RCOOH + HCl RCOOH R'OH NH3 RCN O O H2O，NaOH 90% OH CH2CH2COOH CH3C O NH Br EtOH-H2O,KOH , 95% CH3COK + H2N O Br 三、化性:
●●● ●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● 2)醇解: RCOCI HCI (RCO)20+R'OH RCOoR+ RCOOH HOR RCOOR RCONH2 NERSITY O 理工
RCOCl (RCO) 2O RCOOR'' RCONH2 + R'OH RCOOR' + HCl RCOOH HOR'' NH3 2) 醇解：
●●● ●●●● ●●●●● 酰卤最活泼,常用于制备酯 ●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● (CH3)3CCOOH SOCl2(C H3)3CCOC) C6HsOH (CH3) CCOOCe6H5° 吡啶 酸酐在酸或碱催化下易反应. 酯发生酯交换反应: CH2CHCOOCH3 C4HgOF TSOH CH2-CHCOOC4Hg CH3OH 腈的醇溶液与浓硫酸或盐酸共热,发生醇解得到酯,如: CH3 CN C2 HCL, H20 CH3 COoC2H5
酰卤最活泼，常用于制备酯 酸酐在酸或碱催化下易反应. 酯发生酯交换反应: 腈的醇溶液与浓硫酸或盐酸共热，发生醇解得到酯，如： CHCOOCH3 + C4H9OH TSOH CH2 CH2 CHCOOC4H9 + CH3OH (CH3) 3CCOOH SOCl 2 (CH3) 3CCOCl C6H5OH 吡啶 (CH3) 3CCOOC6H5 HCl, H2O CH3CN + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5
●●● ●●●● 生物体内也有酯交换反应: ●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● t hochochon( ch,) 2OH CHxC—S—C0A 乙酰辅酶A 胆碱 CHC-OChChN(CH3,OH HS--CoA 乙酰胆碱 辅酶A 酰胺醇解须在酸性催化剂高温加压下反应 H2NC—NH2+CH3OH2MPaH2NC—OcH3
酰胺醇解须在 酸性催化剂,高温,加压下反应 H2 N NH2 CH3OH H 2MPa C O H2 N C OCH3 O CH3 C O S CoA + HOCH2 CH2N（CH3）3OH CH3 C O OCH2 CH2N（CH3）3OH + HS CoA 乙酰辅酶A 胆碱 乙酰胆碱 辅酶A 生物体内也有酯交换反应: