Chapter10 Acids(酸) and bases(碱)
Chapter 10 Acids (酸) and Bases （碱）
10.1 Acids donate protons, bases accept them Sulfuric acid is the number one manufactured chemical 85 billion pounds (40,000,000tons annually in US. Acid has sour taste Bases have bitter"taste and slippery feel. In US, 25 billion pounds Exam ples of acides (10,000,000tons)of Naoh was manufactured
10.1 Acids donate protons, bases accept them • Sulfuric acid is the number one manufactured chemical, 85 billion pounds (40,000,000 tons) annually in US. Acid has “sour” taste. • Bases have “bitter” taste and slippery feel. In US, 25 billion pounds (10,000,000 tons) of NaOH was manufactured. Examples of acides
By definition, acids are chemicals that donate hydrogen ions, and bases are chemicals that accept them HCI H2oCl-+H3O*(hydronium ion) H+ donor← H+ acceptor (acid) (base) HoO NH 3 OH NH4 H donor Ht acceptor H acceptor* donor (acid)(base)(base)(acid)
By definition, acids are chemicals that donate hydrogen ions, and bases are chemicals that accept them. HCl + H2O Cl- +H3O+ (hydronium ion) H+ donor H+ acceptor (acid) (base) H2O + NH3 OH- + NH4 + H+ donor H+ acceptor H+ acceptorH+ donor (acid) (base) (base) (acid)
A salt is the product of an acid base reaction( neutralization中和) Acid Base Salt Water HCN+NaOH→NaCN+H2O Hydrogen Sodium Sodic Hydroxide Cyanide HNO3+kOH→kNO3+H2O Nitric Potas Pota 2 2H.O Hvd Calc Chloride Hydroxide chloride HE Naoh Naf ho Hydrogen Sodium fluoride Hydroxide Table10.1 acid-base reactions and the salts formed
A salt is the product of an acidbase reaction (neutralization 中和) Acid Base Salt Water HCN + NaOH NaCN + H2O Hydrogen Sodium Sodium Cyanide Hydroxide Cyanide HNO3 + KOH KNO3 + H2O Nitric Potassium Potassium acid Hydroxide nitrate 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + 2H2O Hydrogen Calcium Calcium Chloride Hydroxide chloride HF + NaOH NaF + H2O Hydrogen Sodium Sodium fluoride Hydroxide fluoride Table10.1 acid-base reactions and the salts formed
10.2 Some acids and bases are stronger than others The stronger an acid, the more readily it donates hydrogen ions The stronger a base, the more readily it accepts hydrogen ions Before Before lonization Equilbrium Equilibrum
10.2 Some acids and bases are stronger than others The stronger an acid, the more readily it donates hydrogen ions. The stronger a base, the more readily it accepts hydrogen ions