Chapter11 Oxidation(氧化)and Reduction(还原) Acid-base reaction: Transfer of proton Oxidation and reduction transfer of electron
Chapter 11 Oxidation (氧化) and Reduction (还原) Acid-base reaction: Transfer of proton Oxidation and reduction: transfer of electron
11. 1 Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons Oxidation is the process whereby a reactant loses one or more electrons Reduction is the opposite process whereby a reactant gains one or more electrons Oxidation and reduction are complementary and simultaneous processes 2Na+Cl2—+2NaC 2Na -+2Na++2e- Oxidation C|2+2e 2CI- Reduction In this reaction sodium is acting as a reducing agent(还原剂), which is any reactant that causes another reactant to be Fig 11.1 formation of sodium chloride reduced. Conversely, the chlorine causes oxidation of the sodium and so it is acting as an oxidizing agent(氧化剂)
11.1 Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons • Oxidation is the process whereby a reactant loses one or more electrons. • Reduction is the opposite process whereby a reactant gains one or more electrons. • Oxidation and reduction are complementary and simultaneous processes. • 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl • 2Na 2Na+ + 2e- Oxidation • Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl- Reduction • In this reaction, sodium is acting as a reducing agent (还原剂), which is any reactant that causes another reactant to be reduced. Conversely, the chlorine causes oxidation of the sodium and so it is acting as an oxidizing agent （氧化剂）. Fig 11.1 formation of sodium chloride
Different elements have different oxidation and reduction tendencies Little endency to lose or endency gaIn electrons Na Mg to gain Cr Mn Fe co Ni cu zn/Ga electrons Tendency to ldse Ru Rh Pd Ag cd In Sn SbT electrons Re Os Pt Au Hg Ti pb Bi Po AtRn Hs M 11 123 5圆除的网四 Ce pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ThPauNpPuam jMa No r
Different elements have different oxidation and reduction tendencies Little tendency to lose or gain electrons Tendency to gain electrons Tendency to lose electrons
11.2 Photography works by selective oxidation and eduction O Tehimis exposed The Nm is developed Camera ler Ught tight Oxidation Br Br Oxidation 2C6H O2- 2C: H4O,+ 2e+2H* 是 eduction Ag+ Ag Reduction 2AgBr+ 2e lAg @ is hued and washed mdm如mh⑤ptm时gau The negative is dark wher Hypo solution Naro, folowed Black-and-white photography invoives a series of ouidaton-reducton reactions
11.2 Photography works by selective oxidation and reduction
11.3 The energy of flowing electrons can be harnessed Electrochemistry 电 化学) is the study of the relationship between electrical energy and chemical change /aso, lution usO,Mouton Use oxidation reduction reaction to produce an electric current or use an dn is aided to Cu a eath electric current to Nel reacion produce an oxidation-reduction reaction Fig 11.7 the salt bridge completes the electric circuit
11.3 The energy of flowing electrons can be harnessed • Electrochemistry (电 化学) is the study of the relationship between electrical energy and chemical change: Use oxidationreduction reaction to produce an electric current or use an electric current to produce an oxidation-reduction reaction. Fig 11.7 the salt bridge completes the electric circuit