《酒店管理》（英文版） 中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理法(附英文)

【标题】中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理法(附英文) 【发布单位】全国人大常委会 【发布日期】1985年11月22日 【实施日期】1986年02月01日 目录 第一章总则 第二章入境 第三章居留 第四章旅行 第五章出境 第六章管理机关 第七章处罚 第八章附则 第一章总则 第一条为维护中华人民共和国的主权、安全和社会秩序,有利于发展国际交往,特制定本法。 外国人入、出、通过中华人民共和国国境和在中国居留、旅行,适用本法 第二条外国人入境、过境和在中国境内居留,必须经中国政府主管机关许可。 第三条外国人入境、出境、边境,必须从对外国人开放的或者指定的口岸通行,接受过防检查 机关的检査。外国的交通工具入境、出境、边境,必须从对外国人开放的或者指定的口岸通行, 接受过防检查机关的检查和监护。 第四条中国政府保护在中国境内的外国人的合法权利和利益。外国人的人身自由不受侵犯,非 经人民检察院批准或者决定或者人民法院决定,并由公安机关或者国家安全机关执行,不受逮 第五条外国人在中国境内,必须遵守中国法律,不得危害中国国家安全、损害社会公共利益、 破坏社会公共秩序 第二章入境 第六条外国人入境,应当向中国的外交代表机关、领事机关或者外交部授权的其他驻外机关申 请办理签证。在特定情况下,依照国务院规定,外国人也可以向中国政府主管机关指定口岸的 签证机关申请办理签证。同中国政府订有签证协议的国家的人员入境,按照协议执行。外国对 中国公民入境、过境有专门规定的,中国政府主管机关可以根据情况采取相应措施。持联程客 票搭乘国际航班直接过境,在中国停留不超过二十四小时不出机场的外国人,免办签证。要求 临时离开机场的,需经防检查机关批准。 第七条外国人申请各项签证,应当提供有效护照,必要时提供有关证明。 第八条应聘或者受雇来中国工作的外国人,申请签证时,应当持有应聘或者受雇证明。 第九条来中国定居的外国人,申请签证时,应当持有定居身份确认表。定居身份确认表,由申 请人向申请定居地的公安机关申请领取 第十条中国政府主管机关根据外国人申请入境的事由,发给相应的签证。 第十一条从事国际航行的航空器或者船舶抵达中国口岸时,机长、船长或者代理人必须向过防 检査机关提交旅客名单;外国的飞机、船舶还必须提供机组、船员名单。 第十二条被认为入境后可能危害中国的国家安全、社会秩序的外国人,不准入境。 第三章居留 第十三条外国人在中国居留,必须持有中国政府主管机关签发的身份证件或者居留证件。身份 证件或者居留证件的有效期限,根据入境的事由确定。在中国居留的外国人,应当在规定的时

1 【标题】 中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理法(附英文) 【发布单位】 全国人大常委会 【发布日期】1985 年 11 月 22 日 【实施日期】1986 年 02 月 01 日 目 录 第一章 总则 第二章 入境 第三章 居留 第四章 旅行 第五章 出境 第六章 管理机关 第七章 处罚 第八章 附则 第一章 总 则 第一条 为维护中华人民共和国的主权、安全和社会秩序，有利于发展国际交往，特制定本法。 外国人入、出、通过中华人民共和国国境和在中国居留、旅行，适用本法。 第二条 外国人入境、过境和在中国境内居留，必须经中国政府主管机关许可。 第三条 外国人入境、出境、边境，必须从对外国人开放的或者指定的口岸通行，接受过防检查 机关的检查。外国的交通工具入境、出境、边境，必须从对外国人开放的或者指定的口岸通行， 接受过防检查机关的检查和监护。 第四条 中国政府保护在中国境内的外国人的合法权利和利益。外国人的人身自由不受侵犯，非 经人民检察院批准或者决定或者人民法院决定，并由公安机关或者国家安全机关执行，不受逮 捕。 第五条 外国人在中国境内，必须遵守中国法律，不得危害中国国家安全、损害社会公共利益、 破坏社会公共秩序。 第二章 入 境 第六条 外国人入境，应当向中国的外交代表机关、领事机关或者外交部授权的其他驻外机关申 请办理签证。在特定情况下，依照国务院规定，外国人也可以向中国政府主管机关指定口岸的 签证机关申请办理签证。同中国政府订有签证协议的国家的人员入境，按照协议执行。外国对 中国公民入境、过境有专门规定的，中国政府主管机关可以根据情况采取相应措施。持联程客 票搭乘国际航班直接过境，在中国停留不超过二十四小时不出机场的外国人，免办签证。要求 临时离开机场的，需经防检查机关批准。 第七条 外国人申请各项签证，应当提供有效护照，必要时提供有关证明。 第八条 应聘或者受雇来中国工作的外国人，申请签证时，应当持有应聘或者受雇证明。 第九条 来中国定居的外国人，申请签证时，应当持有定居身份确认表。定居身份确认表，由申 请人向申请定居地的公安机关申请领取。 第十条 中国政府主管机关根据外国人申请入境的事由，发给相应的签证。 第十一条 从事国际航行的航空器或者船舶抵达中国口岸时，机长、船长或者代理人必须向过防 检查机关提交旅客名单；外国的飞机、船舶还必须提供机组、船员名单。 第十二条 被认为入境后可能危害中国的国家安全、社会秩序的外国人，不准入境。 第三章 居 留 第十三条 外国人在中国居留，必须持有中国政府主管机关签发的身份证件或者居留证件。身份 证件或者居留证件的有效期限，根据入境的事由确定。在中国居留的外国人，应当在规定的时

间内到当地公安机关缴验证件。 第十四条依照中国法律在中国投资或者同中国的企业、事业单位进行经济、科学技术、文化合 作以及其他需要在中国长期居留的外国人,经中国政府主管机关批准,可以获得长期居留或者 永久居留资格。 第十五条对因为政治原因要求避难的外国人,经中国政府主管机关批准,准许在中国居留。 第十六条对不遵守中国法律的外国人,中国政府主管机关可以缩短其在中国停留的期限或者取 消其在中国居留的资格。 第十七条外国人在中国境内临时住宿,应当依照规定,办理住宿登记。 第十八条持居留证件的外国人在中国变更居留地点,必须依照规定办理迁移手续。 第十九条未取得居留证件的外国人和来中国留学的外国人,未经中国政府主管机关允许,不得 在中国就业。 第四章旅行 第二十条外国人持有效的签证或者居留证件,可以前往中国政府规定的对外国人开放的地区旅 第二十一条外国人前往不对国外人开放的地区旅行,必须向当地公安机关申请旅行证件。 第五章出境 第二十二条外国人出境,凭本人有效护照或者其他有效证件。 第二十三条有下列情形之一的外国人,不准出境: 一)刑事案件的被告人和公安机关或者人民检察院或者人民法院认定的犯罪嫌疑人; (二)人民法院通知有未了结民事案件不能离境的; (三)有其他违反中国法律的行为尚未处理,经有关主管机关认定需要追究的 第二十四条有下列情形之一的外国人,边防检查机关有权阻止出境,并依法处理: (一)持用无效出境证件的; (二)持用他人出境证件的: (三)持用伪造或者涂改的出境证件的。 第六章管理机关 第二十五条中国政府在国外受理外国人入境、过境申请的机关,是中国的外交代表机关、领事 机关和外交部授权的其他驻外机关。中国政府在国内受理外国人入境、过境、居留、旅行申请 的机关,是公安部、公安部授权的地方公安机关和外交部、外交部授权的地方外事部门 第二十六条受理外国人入境、过境、居留、旅行申请的机关有权拒发签证、证件;对已经发出 的签证、证件,有权吊销或者宣布作废。公安部和外交部在必要时,可以改变各自授权的机关 所作出的决定。 第二十七条对非法入境、非法居留的外国人,县级以上公安机关可以拘留审查、监视居住或者 遣送出境。 第二十八条县级以上公安机关外事民警在执行任务时,有权查验外国人的护照和其他证件。外 事民警查验时,应当出示自己的工作证件,有关组织或者个人有协助的责任。 第七章处罚 第二十九条对违反本法规定,非法入境、出境的,在中国境内非法居留或者停留的,未持有效 旅行证件前往不对外国人开放的地区旅行的,伪造、涂改、冒用、转让入境、出境 证件的,县级以上公安机关可以处以警告、罚款或者十日以下拘留处罚;情节严重,构成犯罪 的,依法追究刑事责任。受公安机关罚款或者拘留处罚的外国人,对处罚不服的,在接到通知 之日起十五日内,可以向上一级公安机关提出申诉,由上一级公安机关作出最后裁决,也可以 直接向当地人民法院提起诉讼。 第三十条有本法第二十九条所列行为情节严重的,公安部可以处以限期出境或者驱逐出境处 罚 第八章附则

2 间内到当地公安机关缴验证件。 第十四条 依照中国法律在中国投资或者同中国的企业、事业单位进行经济、科学技术、文化合 作以及其他需要在中国长期居留的外国人，经中国政府主管机关批准，可以获得长期居留或者 永久居留资格。 第十五条 对因为政治原因要求避难的外国人，经中国政府主管机关批准，准许在中国居留。 第十六条 对不遵守中国法律的外国人，中国政府主管机关可以缩短其在中国停留的期限或者取 消其在中国居留的资格。 第十七条 外国人在中国境内临时住宿，应当依照规定，办理住宿登记。 第十八条 持居留证件的外国人在中国变更居留地点，必须依照规定办理迁移手续。 第十九条 未取得居留证件的外国人和来中国留学的外国人，未经中国政府主管机关允许，不得 在中国就业。 第四章 旅 行 第二十条 外国人持有效的签证或者居留证件，可以前往中国政府规定的对外国人开放的地区旅 行。 第二十一条 外国人前往不对国外人开放的地区旅行，必须向当地公安机关申请旅行证件。 第五章 出 境 第二十二条 外国人出境，凭本人有效护照或者其他有效证件。 第二十三条 有下列情形之一的外国人，不准出境： （一）刑事案件的被告人和公安机关或者人民检察院或者人民法院认定的犯罪嫌疑人； （二）人民法院通知有未了结民事案件不能离境的； （三）有其他违反中国法律的行为尚未处理，经有关主管机关认定需要追究的。 第二十四条 有下列情形之一的外国人，边防检查机关有权阻止出境，并依法处理： （一）持用无效出境证件的； （二）持用他人出境证件的； （三）持用伪造或者涂改的出境证件的。 第六章 管理机关 第二十五条 中国政府在国外受理外国人入境、过境申请的机关，是中国的外交代表机关、领事 机关和外交部授权的其他驻外机关。中国政府在国内受理外国人入境、过境、居留、旅行申请 的机关，是公安部、公安部授权的地方公安机关和外交部、外交部授权的地方外事部门。 第二十六条 受理外国人入境、过境、居留、旅行申请的机关有权拒发签证、证件；对已经发出 的签证、证件，有权吊销或者宣布作废。公安部和外交部在必要时，可以改变各自授权的机关 所作出的决定。 第二十七条 对非法入境、非法居留的外国人，县级以上公安机关可以拘留审查、监视居住或者 遣送出境。 第二十八条 县级以上公安机关外事民警在执行任务时，有权查验外国人的护照和其他证件。外 事民警查验时，应当出示自己的工作证件，有关组织或者个人有协助的责任。 第七章 处 罚 第二十九条 对违反本法规定，非法入境、出境的，在中国境内非法居留或者停留的，未持有效 旅行证件前往不对外国人开放的地区旅行的，伪造、涂改、冒用、转让入境、出境 证件的，县级以上公安机关可以处以警告、罚款或者十日以下拘留处罚；情节严重，构成犯罪 的，依法追究刑事责任。受公安机关罚款或者拘留处罚的外国人，对处罚不服的，在接到通知 之日起十五日内，可以向上一级公安机关提出申诉，由上一级公安机关作出最后裁决，也可以 直接向当地人民法院提起诉讼。 第三十条 有本法第二十九条所列行为情节严重的，公安部可以处以限期出境或者驱逐出境处 罚。 第八章 附 则

第三十一条本法所称的外国人是指依照《中华人民共和国国籍法》不具有中国国籍的人 第三十二条同中国毗邻国家的外国人,居住在两国边境接壤地区的,临时入中国国境、出中国 国境,有两国之间协议的按照协议执行,没有协议的按照中国政府的规定执行。 第三十三条公安部和外交部根据本法制定实施细则,报国务院批准施行, 第三十四条外国驻中华人民共和国外交代表机关、领事机关成员以及享有特权和豁免的其他外 国人入境后的管理,按国务院及其主管机关的有关规定办理 第三十五条本法自一九八六年二月一日起施行。 LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINAON CONTROL OF THE ENTRY AND EXITOF ALIENS Important Notice:(注意事项) 英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译,中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民 共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版) 当发生歧意时,应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准. This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS"(1991.7) which is compiled by the brueau of legislative Affairs of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China Legal System Publishing In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail Whole document(法规全文) LAW OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINAON CONTROL OF THE ENTRY AND EXITOF ALIENS (Adopted at the 13th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress promulgated by Order No 31 of the President of the People's Republic of China on November 22, 1985, and effective as of February 1, 1986) Contents Chapter I General Provisions Chapter II Entry into the Country Chapter III Residence Chapter IV Travel Chapter V Exit from the Country Chapter VI Administrative Organs Chapter VII Penalties Chapter VIll Supplementary Provisions Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to safeguard ing the sovereignty of the People's Republic of China, maintaining its security and public order and facilitating international exchange. This Law is applicable to aliens entering, leav ing and transiting the territory of the People's Republic of China and to those resid ing and travelling in China Article 2 Aliens must obtain the permission of the competent authorities of the Chinese Government in order to enter. transit or reside in china Article 3 For entry, exit and transit, aliens must pass through ports open to aliens or other designated ports and must be subject to inspection by the frontier inspection offices. For entry, exit and transit 3

3 第三十一条 本法所称的外国人是指依照《中华人民共和国国籍法》不具有中国国籍的人。 第三十二条 同中国毗邻国家的外国人，居住在两国边境接壤地区的，临时入中国国境、出中国 国境，有两国之间协议的按照协议执行，没有协议的按照中国政府的规定执行。 第三十三条 公安部和外交部根据本法制定实施细则，报国务院批准施行。 第三十四条 外国驻中华人民共和国外交代表机关、领事机关成员以及享有特权和豁免的其他外 国人入境后的管理，按国务院及其主管机关的有关规定办理。 第三十五条 本法自一九八六年二月一日起施行。 LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON CONTROL OF THE ENTRY AND EXIT OF ALIENS Important Notice: (注意事项) 英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民 共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991 年 7 月版). 当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准. This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7) which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China Legal System Publishing House. In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail. Whole Document (法规全文) LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON CONTROL OF THE ENTRY AND EXIT OF ALIENS (Adopted at the 13th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 31 of the President of the People's Republic of China on November 22, 1985, and effective as of February 1, 1986) Contents Chapter I General Provisions Chapter II Entry into the Country Chapter III Residence Chapter IV Travel Chapter V Exit from the Country Chapter VI Administrative Organs Chapter VII Penalties Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to safeguarding the sovereignty of the People's Republic of China, maintaining its security and public order and facilitating international exchange. This Law is applicable to aliens entering, leaving and transiting the territory of the People's Republic of China and to those residing and travelling in China. Article 2 Aliens must obtain the permission of the competent authorities of the Chinese Government in order to enter, transit or reside in China. Article 3 For entry, exit and transit, aliens must pass through ports open to aliens or other designated ports and must be subject to inspection by the frontier inspection offices. For entry, exit and transit

foreign-owned means of transport must pass through ports open to aliens or other designated ports and must be subject to inspection and supervision by the frontier inspection offices Article 4 The Chinese Government shall protect the lawful rights and interests of aliens on Chinese territ Freedom of the person of aliens is inv iolable. No alien may be arrested except with the approval or by decision of a people's procuratorate or by decision of a people's court, and arrest must be made by a public security organ or state security organ Article 5 Aliens in China must abide by Chinese laws and may not endanger the state security of China, harm public interests or disrupt public order Chapter II Entry into the Country Article 6 For entry into China, aliens shall apply for visas from Chinese diplomatic missions, consular offices or other resident agencies abroad authorized by the ministry of Foreign Affairs. In specific situations aliens may, in compliance with the provisions of the State Council, apply for visas to visa-granting offices at ports designated by the competent authorities of the Chinese Government. The entry of nationals from countries hav ing visa agreements with the Chinese Government shall be handled in accordance with those agreements. In cases where another country has special provisions for Chinese citizens entering and transiting that country, the competent authorities of the Chinese Government may adopt reciprocal measures contingent on the circumstances. Visas are not required for aliens in immediate transit on connected international flights who hold passenger tickets and stay for no more than 24 hours in China entirely within airport boundaries. Anyone desiring to leave the airport temporarily must obtain permission from the frontier inspection office Article 7 When applying for various kinds of visas, aliens shall present valid passports and, if necessary, provide pertinent evidence Article 8 Aliens who have been invited or hired to work in China shall, when applying for visas, produce evidence of the invitation or employment article 9 Aliens desiring to reside permanently in China shall, when apply ing for visas, present status-of-residence identification forms. Applicants may obtain such forms from public security organs at the place where they intend to reside Article 10 The competent authorities of the Chinese Government shall issue appropriate visas to aliens accord in to the purposes stated in their entry applications Article 11 When an aircraft or a vessel navigating international routes arrives at a Chinese port, the captain or his agent must submit a passenger name list to the frontier inspection office, a foreign aircraft or vessel must also provide a name list of its crew members Article 12 Aliens who are considered a possible threat to China's state security and public order shall not be permitted to enter China Chapter III Residence Article 13 For residence in China, aliens must possess identification papers or residence certificates issued by the

4 foreign-owned means of transport must pass through ports open to aliens or other designated ports and must be subject to inspection and supervision by the frontier inspection offices. Article 4 The Chinese Government shall protect the lawful rights and interests of aliens on Chinese territory. Freedom of the person of aliens is inviolable. No alien may be arrested except with the approval or by decision of a people's procuratorate or by decision of a people's court, and arrest must be made by a public security organ or state security organ. Article 5 Aliens in China must abide by Chinese laws and may not endanger the state security of China, harm public interests or disrupt public order. Chapter II Entry into the Country Article 6 For entry into China, aliens shall apply for visas from Chinese diplomatic missions, consular offices or other resident agencies abroad authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In specific situations aliens may, in compliance with the provisions of the State Council, apply for visas to visa-granting offices at ports designated by the competent authorities of the Chinese Government. The entry of nationals from countries having visa agreements with the Chinese Government shall be handled in accordance with those agreements. In cases where another country has special provisions for Chinese citizens entering and transiting that country, the competent authorities of the Chinese Government may adopt reciprocal measures contingent on the circumstances. Visas are not required for aliens in immediate transit on connected international flights who hold passenger tickets and stay for no more than 24 hours in China entirely within airport boundaries. Anyone desiring to leave the airport temporarily must obtain permission from the frontier inspection office. Article 7 When applying for various kinds of visas, aliens shall present valid passports and, if necessary, provide pertinent evidence. Article 8 Aliens who have been invited or hired to work in China shall, when applying for visas, produce evidence of the invitation or employment. Article 9 Aliens desiring to reside permanently in China shall, when applying for visas, present status-of-residence identification forms. Applicants may obtain such forms from public security organs at the place where they intend to reside. Article 10 The competent authorities of the Chinese Government shall issue appropriate visas to aliens according to the purposes stated in their entry applications. Article 11 When an aircraft or a vessel navigating international routes arrives at a Chinese port, the captain or his agent must submit a passenger name list to the frontier inspection office; a foreign aircraft or vessel must also provide a name list of its crew members. Article 12 Aliens who are considered a possible threat to China's state security and public order shall not be permitted to enter China. Chapter III Residence Article 13 For residence in China, aliens must possess identification papers or residence certificates issued by the

competent authorizes of the Chinese Government. The term of valid ity of identification papers or residence certificates shall be determined according to the purposes of entry. Aliens residing in China shall submit their certificates to the local public security organs for examination within the prescribed period of time Article 14 Aliens who, in compliance with Chinese laws, find it necessary to establish prolonged residence in China for the purpose of investing in China or engaging in cooperative projects with Chine enterprises or institutions in the economic, scientific, technological and cultural fields, or for other purposes, are eligible for prolonged or permanent residence in China upon approval by the competent authorities of the Chinese government Article 15 Aliens who seek asylum for political reasons shall be permitted to reside in China upon approval by the competent authorities of the Chinese government Article 16 Aliens who fail to abide by Chinese laws may have their period of stay in China curtailed or their status of residence in China annulled by the competent authorities of the Chinese government Article 17 For a temporary overnight stay in China, aliens shall complete registration procedures pursuant to the relevant provisions Article 18 Aliens hold ing residence certificates who wish to change their place of residence in China must complete removal formalities pursuant to the relevant provisions Article 19 Aliens who have not acquired residence certificates or who are on a study programme in China may not seek employ ment in China without permission of the competent authorities of the Chinese Government Chapter IV Travel Article 20 Aliens who hold valid visas or residence certificates may travel to places open to aliens as designated by the Chinese government Article 21 Aliens desiring to travel to places closed to aliens must apply to local public security organs for travel permits Chapter V Exit from the Country Article 22 For exit from China, aliens shall present their valid passports or other valid certificates Article 23 Aliens belonging to any of the following categories shall not be allowed to leave China ()defendants in criminal cases or criminal suspects confirmed by a public security organ, a people's procuratorate or a people's court; (2) persons who, as notified by a people's court, shall be denied exit owing to involvement in unresolved civil cases; and ( persons who have committed other acts in violation of Chinese law who have not been dealt with and against whom the competent authorities consider it necessary to institute prosecution Article 24

5 competent authorizes of the Chinese Government. The term of validity of identification papers or residence certificates shall be determined according to the purposes of entry. Aliens residing in China shall submit their certificates to the local public security organs for examination within the prescribed period of time. Article 14 Aliens who, in compliance with Chinese laws, find it necessary to establish prolonged residence in China for the purpose of investing in China or engaging in cooperative projects with Chinese enterprises or institutions in the economic, scientific, technological and cultural fields, or for other purposes, are eligible for prolonged or permanent residence in China upon approval by the competent authorities of the Chinese Government. Article 15 Aliens who seek asylum for political reasons shall be permitted to reside in China upon approval by the competent authorities of the Chinese Government. Article 16 Aliens who fail to abide by Chinese laws may have their period of stay in China curtailed or their status of residence in China annulled by the competent authorities of the Chinese Government. Article 17 For a temporary overnight stay in China, aliens shall complete registration procedures pursuant to the relevant provisions. Article 18 Aliens holding residence certificates who wish to change their place of residence in China must complete removal formalities pursuant to the relevant provisions. Article 19 Aliens who have not acquired residence certificates or who are on a study programme in China may not seek employment in China without permission of the competent authorities of the Chinese Government. Chapter IV Travel Article 20 Aliens who hold valid visas or residence certificates may travel to places open to aliens as designated by the Chinese Government. Article 21 Aliens desiring to travel to places closed to aliens must apply to local public security organs for travel permits. Chapter V Exit from the Country Article 22 For exit from China, aliens shall present their valid passports or other valid certificates. Article 23 Aliens belonging to any of the following categories shall not be allowed to leave China: (1) defendants in criminal cases or criminal suspects confirmed by a public security organ, a people's procuratorate or a people's court; (2) persons who, as notified by a people's court, shall be denied exit owing to involvement in unresolved civil cases; and (3) persons who have committed other acts in violation of Chinese law who have not been dealt with and against whom the competent authorities consider it necessary to institute prosecution. Article 24