chloroplasts F factor is a bacterial sex or fertility plasmid FI generation is the first generation produced by crossing two parental(homozygous) lines Facultative hetero chromatin describes the inert state of sequences that also exist in active copies-for example, one mammalian X chromosome in females Fast component of a reassociation reaction is the first to reature and contains highly repetitive dNA Fate map is a map of an embryo showing the adult tissues that will develop from the descendants of cells that occupy particular regions of the embryo Figure eight describes two circles of DNa linked together by a recombination event that has not vet been completed Filter hybridization is performed by incubating a deatured DNA preparation immobilized on a nitrocellulose filter with a solution of radioactively labeled RNA or dNA Inoerprin it of DNA is a pattern of polymorphic restriction fragments that differ between individual genomes Fingerprint of a protein is the pattern of fragments(usually resolved on a two dimensional electrophoretic gel) generated by cleavage with an enzyme such as trypsin Fluidity is a property of membranes; it indicates the ability of lipids to move laterally within their particular mo Focus formation describes the ability of transformed eukary otic cells to grow in dense clusters, piled up on one another. Focus forming unit (ffu)is a quantitative measure of forcus formation Foldback DNA consists of inverted repeats that have renatured by intrastrand reassociation of denatured DNA Foot printing is a technique for identifying the site on dNa bound by some protein by virtue of the protection of bonds in this region against attack by nucleases Forward mutations inactivate a wild-type gene Founder effect refers to the presence in a population of many individuals all with the same chromosome (or region of a chromosome) derived from a single ancestor Frameshift mutations arise by deletions or insertions that are not a multiple of 3bp; they change the frame in which triplets are translated into protein G banding is a technique that generates a striated pattern in metaphase chromosomes that distinguishes the members of a haploid set Gl is the period of the eukaryotic cell cycle between the last mitosis and the start of dna G2 is the period of the eukaryotic cell cycle between the end of DNA replication and the start
11 chloroplasts. F factor is a bacterial sex or fertility plasmid. F1 generation is the first generation produced by crossing two parental (homozygous) lines. Facultative heterochromatin describes the inert state of sequences that also exist in active copies—for example, one mammalian X chromosome in females. Fast component of a reassociation reaction is the first to reature and contains highly repetitive DNA. Fate map is a map of an embryo showing the adult tissues that will develop from the descendants of cells that occupy particular regions of the embryo. Figure eight describes two circles of DNA linked together by a recombination event that has not yet been completed. Filter hybridization is performed by incubating a deatured DNA preparation immobilized on a nitrocellulose filter with a solution of radioactively labeled RNA or DNA. Fingerprint of DNA is a pattern of polymorphic restriction fragments that differ between individual genomes. Fingerprint of a protein is the pattern of fragments (usually resolved on a two dimensional electrophoretic gel) generated by cleavage with an enzyme such as trypsin. Fluidity is a property of membranes; it indicates the ability of lipids to move laterally within their particular monolayer. Focus formation describes the ability of transformed eukaryotic cells to grow in dense clusters, piled up on one another. Focus forming unit (ffu) is a quantitative measure of forcus formation. Foldback DNA consists of inverted repeats that have renatured by intrastrand reassociation of denatured DNA. Foot printing is a technique for identifying the site on DNA bound by some protein by virtue of the protection of bonds in this region against attack by nucleases. Forward mutations inatctivate a wild-type gene. Founder effect refers to the presence in a population of many individuals all with the same chromosome (or region of a chromosome) derived from a single ancestor. Frameshift mutations arise by deletions or insertions that are not a multiple of 3bp; they change the frame in which triplets are translated into protein. G banding is a technique that generates a striated pattern in metaphase chromosomes that distinguishes the members of a haploid set. G1 is the period of the eukaryotic cell cycle between the last mitosis and the start of DNA replication. G2 is the period of the eukaryotic cell cycle between the end of DNA replication and the start
of the next mitosis Gamete is either ty pe of reproductive(germ)cell--sperm or egg-with haploid chromosome content Gap in dNa is the absence of one or more nucleotides in one strand of the duplex Gap (cistron)is the segment of DNA involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it includes egions preceding and follo wing the coding region(leader and trailer)as well as intervening sequences(introns) between individual coding segments(exons) Gene conversion is the alteration of one strand of a heteroduplex DNa to make it complementary with the other strand at any position(s) where there were mispaired bases Gene dosage gives the number of copies of a particular gene in the genome Gene family consists of a set of genes whose exons are rel ated; the mem bers were derived by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene Gene cluster is a group of adjacent genes that are identical or related Genetic code is the correspondence between triplets in DNA (or RNA)and amino acids in Genetic marker-see marker Genomic(chromosomal) DNA clones are sequences of the genome carried by a cloning Genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism Golgi apparatus consists of indivivual stacks of membranes near the endoplasmic reticul um involed in gly cosylating proteins and sorting them for transport to different cellular G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding trimeric proteins that reside in the plasma membrane. When bound by gdp the trimer remains intact and is inert. When the gDp bound to the a subunit is replaced by gtp, the a subunit is released from the p y dimmer. One of the separated units (either the a monomer or the B y dimmer) then activates or represses a target protein Gratuitous inducers resemble authentic inducers of transcription but are not substrates for the induced enzymes GT-AG rule descr ibes the presence of these const ant dinucleotides at the first two and last tions of introns of nuclear Gyrase is a type II topoisomerase of E. coli with the ability to introduce ne gative supercoil into dna Hairpin describes a double-helical region formed by base pairing bet ween adjacent(inverted) complementary sequences in a single strand of RNA or DNA. Haploid set of chromosomes contains one copy of each autosome and one sex chromosome the haploid number n is characteristic of gametes of diploid organisms
12 of the next mitosis. Gamete is either type of reproductive (germ) cell—sperm or egg—with haploid chromosome content. Gap in DNA is the absence of one or more nucleotides in one strand of the duplex. Gap (cistron) is the segment of DNA involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it includes regions preceding and following the coding region (leader and trailer) as well as intervening sequences (introns) between individual coding segments (exons). Gene conversion is the alteration of one strand of a heteroduplex DNA to make it complementary with the other strand at any position(s) where there were mispaired bases. Gene dosage gives the number of copies of a particular gene in the genome. Gene family consists of a set of genes whose exons are related; the members were derived by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Gene cluster is a group of adjacent genes that are identical or related. Genetic code is the correspondence between triplets in DNA (or RNA) and amino acids in protein. Genetic marker—see marker. Genomic (chromosomal) DNA clones are sequences of the genome carried by a cloning vector. Genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism. Golgi apparatus consists of indivivual stacks of membranes near the endoplasmic reticulum; involed in glycosylating proteins and sorting them for transport to different cellular locations. G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding trimeric proteins that reside in the plasma membrane. When bound by GDP the trimer remains intact and is inert. When the GDP bound to the αsubunit is replaced by GTP, the αsubunit is released from the βγ dimmer. One of the separated units (either the α monomer or the βγ dimmer) then activates or represses a target protein. Gratuitous inducers resemble authentic inducers of transcription but are not substrates for the induced enzymes. GT-AG rule describes the presence of these constant dinucleotides at the first two and last two positions of introns of nuclear genes. Gyrase is a type II topoisomerase of E. coli with the ability to introduce negative supercoils into DNA. Hairpin describes a double-helical region formed by base pairing between adjacent (inverted) complementary sequences in a single strand of RNA or DNA. Haploid set of chromosomes contains one copy of each autosome and one sex chromosome; the haploid number n is characteristic of gametes of diploid organisms