21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains Receptor is a transmembrane protein. located in the plasma membrane, that binds a ligand in a domain on the extracellular side. and as a result has a change in activity of the cytoplasmic domain (The same term is sometimes used also for the steroid receptors, which are transcription factors that are activated by binding ligands that are steroids or other small molecules. 消当
Receptor is a transmembrane protein, located in the plasma membrane, that binds a ligand in a domain on the extracellular side, and as a result has a change in activity of the cytoplasmic domain. (The same term is sometimes used also for the steroid receptors, which are transcription factors that are activated by binding ligands that are steroids or other small molecules.) 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains
Corticoids(adrenal steroids) 21.5 Steroid receptors have Glucocorticoids increase M ineralocorticoids maintain tir amatory action HaH severalindependent domains CHLOR Steroid sex hormones gens are ironEd Figure 21.6 Several types of hydrophobic small molecules B-estradiol testosteron activate transcription factors Development and morphogenesis Corticoids and steroid sex tamin d is required Retinoic acid is a morphogen hormones are synthesized from 、sO and calcium metabolism cholesterol. vitamin d is a steroid thyroid hormones are synthesized from tyrosine, and retinoic acid is synthesized from isoprene(in fish Thyroid hormones control basal metabolic rate liver) 请莘大 triiodothyronine (T3)
Figure 21.6 Several types of hydrophobic small molecules activate transcription factors. Corticoids and steroid sex hormones are synthesized from cholesterol, vitamin D is a steroid, thyroid hormones are synthesized from tyrosine, and retinoic acid is synthesized from isoprene (in fish liver). 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains
21.5 Steroid receptors have severalindependent domains Steroid Receptor Cytopl asm Figure 21.7 Glucocorticoids regulate gene Nucleus transcription by 八八 causing their receptor GRE/Enhancer Promoter to bind to an enhancer Activation Transcript on whose action is needed ■■■■■ for promoter function ↓ 请莘大
Figure 21.7 Glucocorticoids regulate gene transcription by causing their receptor to bind to an enhancer whose action is needed for promoter function. 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains
21.5 Steroid receptors have DNA-bind ing and severalindependent domains transcriptional-activation (domains vary from 94-42%) N-terminal regions Hormone-binding regions have <15 identities and dimerization (needed to activ ate (vary from 57-15%) Figure 21. 8 Receptors transcription Glucocorticoid for many steroid and thyroid hormones have 4 57 Mineralocorticoid 90 55 Progesterone a similar organization with an individual n 50 Androgen terminal region, 52 30Estrogen conserved dna 47 17 Trio dothyronine binding region, and a 42<15 Vitamin D C-terminal hormone binding region L 45 15Retinoic acid 40 15 9-cis Retinoic acid 请莘大
Figure 21.8 Receptors for many steroid and thyroid hormones have a similar organization, with an individual Nterminal region, conserved DNAbinding region, and a C-terminal hormonebinding region. 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains
21.5 Steroid receptors have DNA-bind ing and severalindependent domains transcriptional-activation (domains vary from 94-42%) N-terminal regions Hormone-binding regions have <15 identities and dimerization (needed to activ ate (vary from 57-15%) Figure 21. 8 Receptors transcription Glucocorticoid for many steroid and thyroid hormones have 4 57 Mineralocorticoid 90 55 Progesterone a similar organization with an individual n 50 Androgen terminal region, 52 30Estrogen conserved dna 47 17 Trio dothyronine binding region, and a 42<15 Vitamin D C-terminal hormone binding region L 45 15Retinoic acid 40 15 9-cis Retinoic acid 请莘大
Figure 21.8 Receptors for many steroid and thyroid hormones have a similar organization, with an individual Nterminal region, conserved DNAbinding region, and a C-terminal hormonebinding region. 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains