中国历史 四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civi- +大夫scholar-officials 太监eunuch 人类文明史the history of human civilizatior 将军genf 中国古代史ancient Chinese history 士兵soldier 中国近现代史modemn history of China 侍卫bodyguard 典型历史事件ypical historical event 帛言palace 历史人物historic figure 昆E demnocracy 历史遗留问题a problem left over from history/. 新民主主义革命n w-democratic revolution 工人阶级he 建党日The Party's Bir day long history 解放战争The War of Liberation 繁荣盛世a time of prosperity 毛主席Chairman Mao 华夏之粗ancestors of the Chinese nation 现代中国nodern Chin (封建)朗代(feudal)dynasty 八一建军节The Army Day 古都ancient capital 中国人民解放军The Chinese People's Liberation 油卷时间的移 发样地/诞生地D time goes by army flag 兴起于.，兴盛于 .emerge in.and prosper 人民军队people'samy in. 南京大居杀The Nanking Massacre 远古时代ancient times 抗日战争the Anti,Japanese War 原始社会primitive society 国庆节The National Dav 春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period 中华人民共和图the People's Republic of China 阅兵仪式military parade 封建社会feudal society 开国 大典founding ceremony 皇帝/用主emperor;monarch 爱国意识patriotic awareness 勒政爱民be diligent and love one's people 文化大革命the Cultural Revolution 退位give up the throne 大跃进Great lean forward 印/壑spnl/tam 改革开放政策the Reform and Opening-up Policy 皇后empress:queen 在战争中损毁be ruined in wars 皇妃imperial concubine 抵抗侵 resist the 世纪初 at the beginning of.century 迄今为止p训now 公主princess 追测到date/trace back to i诸侯prince/duke under an emperor 来a源于derive/stem from;originate from/im 宰相prime minister 以.命名be named after. 中国商业经济 发达国家developed countr 集体经济collective economy ping country planned econ 经济政策economic policy 经济学家economist 经济波动economic fuctuation 社会主义经济socialist economy 经济衰退(economic)depression/recession 资本主义经济capitalist economy 经济稳定economic stability ,14
中 四大文明古国之_ one of the four ancient civilizations 人类文明史 the history of human civilization 中国古代史 ancient Chinese history 中国近现代史 modem histoiy of China 典型历史事件 typical historical event 历史人物historic figure 历史遗留问题 a problem left over from history/ the past 源远流长/历史悠久have a long history; with a long history 繁荣盛世 a time of prosperity 华夏之祖 ancestors of the Chinese nation (封建)朝代(feudal) dynasty 古都 ancient capital 随着时间的推移as time goes by 发祥地/诞生地birthplace 兴起于. ，兴盛于. emerge in. and prosper in. 远古时代ancient times 原始社会 primitive society 春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period 战国 the Warring States 封建社会 feudal society 皇帝/君主 emperoi; monarch 勤政爱民 be diligent and love one's people 退位 give up the throne 印/玺 seal/stamp 皇后 empress; queen 皇妃 imperial concubine 太后 empress dowagei/dowager 太子prince 公主 princess 诸侯 prince/duke under an emperor 宰相 prime minister 士大夫 scholar-officials 太监eunuch 将军 general 士兵 soldier 侍卫 bodyguard 皇宫palace 民主 democracy 新民主主义革命 new~democratic revolution 工人阶级 the working class 建党日 The Party's Birthday 解放战争 The War of Liberation 毛主席 Chairman Mao 现代中国modem China 八一建军节The Army Day 中国人民解放军 The Chinese People's Liberation Army 军旗 army flag 人民军队people's army 南京大屠杀 The Nanking Massacre 抗日战争 the Anti-Japanese War 国庆节 The National Day 中华人民共和国 the People's Republic of China 阅兵仪式 military parade 开国大典 founding ceremony 爱 国意识 patriotic awareness 文化大革命 the Cultural Revolution 大跃进 Great Leap Forward 改革开放政策 the Reform and Opening-up Policy 在战争中损毁be ruined in wars 抵抗侵略 resist the invasion 在. 世纪初 at the beginning of. centuiy 迄今为止up till now 追溯到 date/trace back to 来源于 derive/stem from; originate from/in 以. 命名 be named after. 中回商业经遂 发达国家 developed country 发展中国家 developing country 不发达国家 underdeveloped country 经济学家economist 社会主义经济socialist economy 资本主义经济capitalist economy 集体经济 collective economy 计划经济 planned economy 经济政策 economic policy 经济波动 economic fluctuation 经济衰退(economic) depression/recession 经济稳定 economic stability 14 -
经济回暖economic recovery "走出去"战略the strateg to go global 经济趋势economic trend 破产go bankrupt;bankruptcy(a.) 经济形势economic situation 杜会保障体系social security system 增长率trowth rate 经济腾飞economic take off 基础设施建设infrastructure constructior 过渡时期transition period 生话水平living standard 整褪规范市场秩序 gulate the market order 肠买力 sing powe 创造良好的投资环埃 create a favorable inves 社会福利s0c welfar ment envin 社会保障social security 给与优惠政策offer favorable policies 国有企业state-owned enterprise g加值added value 私营企业private enterprise 经济规律law/rule of economics 外资企业overseas-funded enterprise 市场调节market regulation 合资企业joint venture 生产关系relations of production 扩大内需 don estic 生产力 下肉职工work 剩余劳动力surplus labo 新兴市场emerging market;new market 公有制public ownershi 公务员public servant:civil servant 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 售后服务after-sale service 劳动密集型产业labor-intensive industry 市场营销marketing 改善经济环境improve economic environmen 产值output value 年均增长率an wth rate ts'savings deposit 人均收人per capita income 四大国有商业银行four major state-owned com 实际增长率actual growth rat mercial banks 农业agriculture 农村经济ural economics 林业forestry 成木/费用/开古c0gt 畜牧业animal husbandry 周定成本xedest 渔业fishi 生产费用/营业成本 op rating costs (农业)agriculture(primary industry） 收益i 第=产业（工业）manufacturing industry(secondary 总收人/总收益ross income/earnings industry) 产量收益/收益率ield 第=产业（服务业）service industry(tertiary indus 商品经济commodity economy try) 上市公司1 isted company 短期/中期/长期贷款short/medium/long term】 loan 母公司n of inte *w 公司 纯收益/收人net incom 注册资本regist ed capital 平均收人verage income 业务部business department 国民收人national income 人力资源部human resources department 税制taxation system 市场部marketing department 征税/纳税axation(n.方tax() 研发中心research and development cente 免税的txe 股东shareholder 通货膨inflat 股东大会 reholders'meet 经济结构调整of 董事/懂事长director president chairmar ture 首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO 建i设小康社会build a prosperous/better off society 音鼎运莒chief operation officer(CDO】 宏伟目标a grand objective 执行董事executive director 15
经济回暧 economic recovery 经济趋势 economic trend 经济形势 economic situation 增长率 growth rate 基础设施建设 infrastructure construction 生活水平 living standard 购买力 purchasing power 社会福利 social welfare 社会保障 social security 国有企业 state~owned enterprise 私营企业 private enterprise 夕卜资企业 overseas-funded enterprise 合资企业joint venture 扩大内需 expand domestic demand 下岗职工 laid-off worker 新兴市场 emerging market; new market 公务员 public servant; civil servant 售后服务 after-sale service 市场营销marketing 产值 output value 投入input 产出/产量output 人均收入 per capita income 实际增长率 actual growth rate 农业 agriculture 林业 forestry 畜牧业 animal husbandly 渔业 fishing 第_产业(农业)agriculture (primary industry) 第二产业(工业)manufiacturing industry (secondary industry) 第三产业(服务业)service industry (tertiary industry) 短期/中期/长期贷款 short/medium/long term loan 利率 rate of interest 纯收益/净收入net income 平均收入 average income 国民收入 national income 税制 taxation system 征税/纳税 taxation (n.); tax (v.) 免税的tax-free 通货膨胀inflation 经济结构调整the readjustment of economic structure 建设小康社会 build a prosperous/better-off society 宏伟目标 a grand objective “走出去”战略 the strategy to go global 破产 go bankrupt; bankruptcy (n.) 社会保障体系 social security system 经济腾飞 economic take-off 过渡时期 transition period 整顿/规范市场秩序regulate the market order 创造良好的投资环境create a favorable investment environment 给与优惠政策 offer favorable policies 附加值 added value 经济规律 law/rule of economics 市场调节 market regulation 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 剩余劳动力surplus labor 公有制 public ownership 知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry 劳动密集型产labor-intensive industry 改善经济环境 improve economic environment 年均增长率 annual growth rate 外贸进出口 总额 total foreign trade value 居民储蓄存款 residents' savings deposit 四大国有商业银行four m^jor state-owned commercial banks 农村经济 rural economics 成本/费用/开支cost 固定成本fixed costs 生产费用/营业成本operating costs 收入/收益 income; earnings 总收入/总收益 gross income/eamings 产量收益/收益率yield 商品经济 commodity economy 上市公司 listed company 母公司 parent company 子公司 subsidiary 注册资本 registered capital 业务部 business department 人力资源部 human resources department 市场部 marketing department 研发中心 research and development center 股东 shareholder 股东大会 shareholders' meeting 董事/董事长 director; president; chairman 首席执行官 chief executive officer (CEO) 首席运营官 chief operation officer (COO) 执行董事 executive director 15
常务董事managing director 市场份额market share 董事会board of directors 营业范围scope of business 证券交易所stock ex ange 营业额 sale volume 证券商 市场报告market repor 证券公司securities company 副产品byproduct;by-product 支票cheque/check 角贯chain debts 商业保险commercial insurance 成套设备complete plant 财产保险property insurance 清仓/甩卖clearance sale 人身保险 nal insurance 最低价rock bo ttom price;lowest price 人寿保验iens nce 送货单deliv 健康保险health in 无利息的 very note uranc 意外保险accident insurance 住房补贴housing allowance 杜会保险social insurance 住房货款housing loan 养老保晚endowment insurance 发新日pay day 医疗保險nedical insurance 捷员downsi2e 冒牌货imitation brand,fake product 生保险he childbirth ins 出口补贴 保险合同insuran 支柱产业pila industry 经济重组economic restructuring 承保人insurer,underwrite 大量生产，批量生产mass produce 被保险人the insured 价格战price war 素培claim(,.) 经济刺激计划economic stimulus package 学校教育 普及教育universal education 高等育higher education 象牙塔 an academic degree on sb Ivory towe 博士学位doctor's degree 正院枚regular universities and colleges 士学位master's degree 军校military academy 学士学位bachelor's degree 九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education 在职博十生on-iob doctorat 学前教奋pre school education 研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma/graduate 失学儿童dropout degr 文t 中专生 ondary specialized or technical school 受过良好教育的wel ducated 人学率enrolment rate 大学本科生ndergraduate 适龄儿童人学率enrollment rate for children of 中小学elementary/primary and middle/secondar school age schools 高考(niversity/college)entrance examination (大学)扩招scale expansion 考研take the entrance exams for postgraduate 扩大招生人数enlarg hool enrollment/recruit 生读生 tend graduate school 往校生boarde 梁外活动extracurricular activity 毕业鉴定raduation appraisal 必修课required compulsory course 毕业论文a graduation dissertation/thesis/paper 选修课elective/optional course 毕业实习graduation field work go out on intem 基础课basic course 16
常务董事 managing director 董事会 board of directors 证券交易所stock exchange 证券商 securities dealer 证券公司 securities company 支票 cheque/check 商业保险 snunercial insurance 财产保险 property insurance 人身保险 personal insurance 人寿保险life insurance 健康保险 health insurance 意夕卜保险 accident insurance 社会保险 social insurance 养老保险 endowment insurance 医疗保险 medical insurance 失业保险 unemployment insurance 生育保险 the childbirth insurance 保险合同 insurance contract 投保人 policyholder 承保人 insurer; underwriter 被保险人the insured 索赔 claim (v.) 市场份额market share 营业范围 scope of busings 营业额 business volume; sale volume 市场报告market report 副产品 byproduct; by-product 三角债 chain debts 成套设备 complete plant 清仓/甩卖 clearance sale 最低价 rock bottom price; lowest price 送货单 delivery note 无利息的interest free 住房补贴 housing allowance 住房贷款housing loan 发新日pay day 裁员 downsize 冒牌货 imitation brand; fake product 出 口补贴 export subsidies 支柱产业 pillar industry 经济重组 economic restructuring 大量生产、批量生产mass produce 价格战price war 经济刺激计划 economic stimulus package 即教宜 普及教育 universal education 高等教育 higher education 象牙塔 ivory tower 正规院校 regular universities and colleges 军校 military academy 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 学前教育 pre-school education 失学儿童dropout 文盲 illiteracy; illiterate 受过良好教育的well-educated 入学率 enrollment rate 适龄儿童入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 高考(university/college) entrance examination 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 读研 attend graduate school 毕业典礼 commencement/graduation ceremony 毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal 毕业论文 a graduation dissertation/thesis/paper 毕业实习 graduation field work; go out on internships 授予学位 confer an academic degree on sb. 博士学位 doctor's degree 硕士学位 master's degree 学士学位 bachelor's degree 在职博士生 on-job doctorate 研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma 中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student 大学本科生undergraduate 中小学 elementary/primary and middle/secondary schools (大学)扩招 scale expansion 扩大招生人数 enlarge school enrollment/recruits 走读生 extern; non-resident student 住校生boarder 课外活动 extracurricular activity 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic course . 16
专业课specialized course 推进素质粒育push ahead with education for all- 专业知识specialized knowledge around development 开设课程offer a course 基本实现教育现代化basically modemize educa- 课程表school schedule tion 教学大纲teaching program;syllabus 招生就业指导enrollment and vocation guidance 学分制credit syster 意争烈ierc competition 补考make-up examinatior 评价体系 evaluation system 学年school year 选拔官员/人才select officials/talents 师资力量teaching faculty 海外留学生overseas student:international student 应试教有exam-oriented education(system) 旅游交通 scenes;tourist spo H题(entrance)ticke 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites:places 免费景区电子门票free sightseeing e-coupon of interests 星级酒店star-rated hote, 避暑胜地summer resort 高峰期ush hour 森林公园forest park 人山人海，人满为患overcrowded;be packed with 自然保护区nature reserve overcrowded people 自然景观natural scenery 翻l山岭climb mountains and hills 人文录观human lands 的热烈欢迎be welcomed by. 壮丽河山mag nt s cenery 丰富知识 enric h one's knowledge 古典山水园林classical landscape garden 开谀野broaden one's horizon 是家周林royal garden 扩大知识面enlarge the scope of knowledge 建筑architecture 培养独立性cultivate independence 钟楼bell tower 运输工且neans of transportation 鼓楼drum towe 公共交通oublic transport 坊 nemorial a 候车室waiting room 天坛the Temple of Heaven 扣分处罚point penalty 保存最完好的best-preserved 酒驾drunk driving 址original site 终身禁驾lifetime ban from driving 民家博物馆national museum 中外游客tourists from home and abroad 证有效期validity of visa 游乐园amusem ent park vidual vi to 度假tak ke a vacation;go on holiday 团体游客group visito 地理环境 位于be located inat 全长.公里stretch for.km/kilometers 员辽阔hav 西部地区 a vast territory 面貌焕然一新take on a completely new look 高原pla 省会provincial capital 山峰peak 水域面积water area 淡水湖freshwater lake 三而环山be surrounded by mountains on three 沿海港口coastal port sides 植物园botanical garden ·17
专业课 specialized course 专业知识 specialized knowledge 开设课程offer a course 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学分制 credit system 补考 make-up examination 学年 school year 师资力量 teaching faculty 应试教育 exam-oriented education (system) 推进素质教育 push ahead with education for allaround development 基本实现教育现代化basically modernize education 招生就业指导 enrollment and vocation guidance 竞争激烈 fierce competition 评价体系 evaluation system 选拔官员/人才 select officials^alents 海外留学生 overseas student^ international student 卿至通 旅游景点 tourist scenes; tourist spot 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites; places of interests 避暑胜地summer resort 森林公园forest park 自然保护区nature reserve 自然景观 natural scenery 人文景观 human landscape 壮丽河山 magnificent scenery 古典山水园林 classical landscape garden 皇家园林royal garden 建筑 architecture 钟楼 bell tower 鼓楼 drum tower 牌坊 memorial archway 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 保存最完好的bestrpreserved 原址 original site 国家博物馆national museum 中外游客 tourists from home and abroad 游乐园 amusement park 度假 take a vacation; go on holiday 门票(entrance) ticket 免费景区电子门票sightseeing e-coupon 星级酒店 star-rated hotel 高峰期rush hour 人山人海，人满为患 overcrowded; be packed with overcrowded people 翻山越岭 climb mountains and hills 受到. 的热烈欢迎 be wannly welcomed by. 丰 富知识 enrich one's knowledge 开阔 视野 broaden one's horizon 扩大知识面 enlarge the scope of knowledge 培养独立性 cultivate independence 运输工具 means of transportation 公共交通 public transport 地铁站 subway station 候车室 waiting room 扣分处罚point penalty 酒驾 drunk driving 终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving 护照 passport 签证有效期validity of visa 散客 individual visitor 团体游客group visitor 地壬里环境 位于 be located in/at 幅员辽阔 have a vast territory 西部地区 western regions 省会 provincial capital 水域面积 water area 三面环山 be surrounded by mountains on three sides 全长. 公里 stretch for. km/kilometers 面貌焕然一新 take on a completely new look 高原 plateau 山峰peak 淡水湖 freshwater lake 沿海港口 coastal port 植物园 botanical garden 17
气候climate 零排放车辆zero-emission vehicle 环境保护enN ental protection 小排量汽车small-displacement.ca 提高全民环保意识raise vironmental awareness of reso energy crisi 回收利用recycle -次性产品disposable product 低碳城市化道路way to low,carbon urbanization 开发可再生资源develop renewable resources 城市化urbanization 高能耗产业ener-intensive industry 颜临灭绝/失传be on the verge of extinctionloss 可持续发展sustainable development 危物种endangered spe cie 生态环培e ecological nvironmer 稀有物种 an p se effec 防护 ter belt 森林覆盖率forest coverage rate 水土保持water and soil conservation 改善土壤soil improvement 降雨量rainfall 地质灾害geological disaster 物种灭绝the extinction of bio-species 灾难catastrophe;tragedy;disaster 先污染后治理exert control after pollutior 碳减挂carbon reduction 伤亡人员 温室气体排gm e gas emission 死亡人数death toll 氧化碳 carbon dioxid typnoon 新能源汽车reen car 火山爆发volcanic eruption 废气exhaust gas/fumes 地震earthquake 汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust 进水nood 发动机排量engine displacement 干草drought 医疗健康 诊所clinica 移方secret prescription 发楼fever, 相传秘方secret prescription handed down from 咳嗽cough one's ancestors 头痛headach 中医 ditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) 失眠sleeple ss;lose sleep 扶伤h and rescue the dying 近视的ne r -sigh dshort-sighted s望，闻、间、切observing,listening,inquiring,pulse 远视的far-sighted taking 正状symptom 肥胖症obesity 诊断diagnosis (n方diagnose 保健品health care products 疗法/治疗treatment 草药herbal medicine 治愈cure heal 食food th 治病cure dis se 延缓衰老slow down aging 开处方prescribe 处方prescription 体检physical examination 偏方folk prescription 政治法规 中国共产党the Communist Party of China(CPC)新闻发布会news conference 新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency 政府工作报告government'.s work repo 18
提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness 能源消耗 depletion of resources 气候 climate 环境保护 environmental protection 零排放车辆 zeroemission vehicle 小排量汽4^ small-di^)la(^ment car 开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources 城市化 urbanization amongst the general public 环保产品 environment>fitaidly product _次性产品 disposable product 能源危机energy crisis 回收利用recycle 低碳城市化道路 way to low-carbon urbanization 高能耗产业 energy-intensive industiy 可持续发展 sustainable development 生态环境 the ecological environment 温室效应 greenhouse effect 污染物pollutant 水土保持 water and soil conservation 降雨量rainfall 物种灭绝 the extinction of bio-species 先污染后治理 exert control after pollution 碳减排 carbon emission reduction 温室气体排放 greenhouse gas emission 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide 新能源汽车green car 废气 exhaust gas/fumes 汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust 发动机排量 engine displacement 濒临灭绝/失传 be on the verge of extinction/loss 濒危物种 endangered species 稀有物种rare species 防护林带shelter belt 森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate 改善土壤 soil improvement 地质灾害 geological disaster 灾难 catastrophe; tragedy; disaster 不幸 misfortune 伤亡人员casualty 死亡人数death toll 台风 typhoon 火山爆发 volcanic eruption 地震 earthquake 洪水flood 干旱 drought 偃疗健置 诊所clinic 发烧fever 咳嗽cough 头痛 headache 失岷 sleeplessness; lose sleep 近视的 near-sighted; short-sighted 远视的 far-sighted 症状 symptom 诊断 diagnosis (h.); diagnose (v.) 疗法/治疗treatment 治愈 cure; heal 治病 cure diseases 开处方 prescribe 处方 prescription 偏方 folk prescription 秘方 secret prescription 祖传秘方 secret prescription handed down from one's ancestors 中医 Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) 救死扶伤 heal the sick and rescue the dying 望、闻、问、切 observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking 肥胖症obesity 保健品 health care products 草药 herbal medicine 食疗 food therapy 延缓衰老 slow down aging 瑜珈yoga 体检 physical examination 敏治法戒 中国共产党 the Communist Party of China (CPC) 新闻发布会 news conference 新华通讯社 Xinhua News Agency 政府工作报告 govemmenfs work report 18