译文：is difficult to make clear the origin of the custom. 解析：汉语原句表达“很难去做某事之义，可套用句型be.0.来翻译 【例32】请勿在此喧哗。 talk aloud here 解析：本例属于指令型无主语句，可译为英语中的祈使句，表命令。 技巧9长句拆译 汉语长句通常由几个分句组成，含有几层意思，字数多且结构复杂。如果翻译成一个英语长句，就会使译文 繁资、冗长，这种情况可将其进行分译，以使译文层次分明，易于理解。一般来说，拆分的原则可按内容层次拆 分、从关联处拆分，主语转变处拆分、原文总说分述处拆分。有时也为了重点突出某个方面而将其单独译出。 【例33】标准规定，城际之问投递包裹的时间不得超过2小时，否则将被认定为延误，顺客即有权索黯。 According to the standards.the delivery time for a package between two cities should be less than 72 hours.Otherwise,the delivery will be considered delayed,giving customers the right to eek compensatior 解析：中文原句较长，根据这三个分句的逻辑关系和相互之间意思的松紧程度，应该在关联处“否则将 被 ”处进行拆分，表转折。“标准规定，.72小时"这句主要为规定的内容。而“否则将被认定. 索赔”表达不遵守规定的后果。 【例34】这个小岛位于城市的东南方向，面积20平方公里，人口3.8万，以其美丽的景色出名。 Located in the southeast of the city,the small island covers an area of 20 square kilometers with a population of 38 thousand.It is well-known for its beautiful scenery. 解析：中文原句由四个分句组成，如果译成一个句子，则因结枸太复杂面晦涩 不如将其拆译。仔 细分析可发现，前三个分句关系较紧密，介绍小岛的基本情况.可译成一句。而最后一个分句说明小岛 的特性，且“以.而出名"可套用句型it is famous/weU-known for.,故自成一句。 【例35】李教授经常应邀到各个学校演讲，他的司机也总是随行。 Professor Li is often invited to give lectures in various schools.His driver is always accompanving him. 解析：原句由两个分句组成，分别含有不同的主语，且两个分句之间的罗据关系不是很强，翻译时考唐 拆句”来表达，更能符合英语简洁表达的特点 技巧10，短句合译 因为汉语重合，结物较为松散因此知句较多英语强调形合，结构较为严谨因此长句多。可通过现在分 词，过去分词，介词，连词、不定式从句、独立结构等把汉语的两个，甚至两个以上的短句合译为英语中的一个 长句，使译文的逻辑关系更为明显，更符合英文的表达习惯。 【例36】中国拥有的自行车数量为世界第一。它因此被称为“自行车王国”。 China boasts the largest number of bicycles in the world,making it known as "bicycle kingdom" 解析：原文第2个句子中的“因此“表明前后两个句子之间的关系为因果关系，故考虑将第2个句子处 理为第1个句子的结果状语，用分词短请making it known as.来表达 【例37】春节快到了。人们都在忙着准备过节。 :The Spring Festival is approaching,for which everyone is busying preparing. 解析：原文中的逻辑关系较为明显，可考虑用whch引导的非限制性定语从句将两句合译成一句。介 词for与prepare搭配，按照英语表达习惯，置于引导词之前， ·9
译文0 is difficult to make clear the origin of the custom. 解析：汉语原句表达“很难去做某事”之义，可套用句型it be. to.来翻译。 【例32］请勿在此喧哗。 译文:Don't talk aloud here. 解析：本例属于指令型无主语句，可译为英语中的祈使句，表命令。 技］匠史长句拆译 汉语长句通常由几个分句组成，含有几层意思，字数多且结构复杂。如果翻译成一个英语长句，就会使译文 繁赘、冗长，这种情况可将其进行分译，以使译文层次分明、易于理解。一般来说，拆分的原则可按内容层次拆 分、从关联处拆分、主语转变处拆分、原文总说分述处拆分。有时也为了重点突出某个方面而将其单独译出。 【例33］标准规定，城际之间投递包裹的时间不得超过72小时，查则将被认定为延误，顾客即有权索赔。 译文：According to the standards, the delivery time for a package between two cities should be less than 72 hours. Otherwise, the delivery will be considered delayed, giving customers the right to seek compensation. 解析：中文原句较长，根据这三个分句的逻辑关系和相互之间意思的松紧程度，应该在关联处“否则将 被.”处进行拆分，表转折。“标准规定，.72小时”这句主要为规定的内容。而“否则将被认定. 索赔”表达不遵守规定的后果。 【例34］这个小岛位于城市的东南方向，面积20平方公里，人口 3.8万，以其美丽的景色出名。 译文:Located in the southeast of the city, the small island covers an area of 20 square kilometers with a population of 38 thousand. It is well-known for its beautiful scenery. 解析：中文原句由四个分句组成，如果译成一个句子，则因结构太复杂而晦涩难懂.不如将其拆译。仔 细分析可发现，前三个分句关系较紧密，介绍小岛的基本情况，可译成一句。而最后一个分句说明小岛 的特性，且“以 而出名”可套用句型it is famous/well-known for.,故自成一句 【例35】李教授经常应邀到各个学校演讲,他的司机也总是随行。 译文：Professor Li is often invited to give lectures in various schools. His driver is always accompanying him. 解析：原句由两个分句组成，分别含有不同的主语，且两个分句之间的逻辑关系不是很强，翻译时考虑 “拆句”来表达，更能符合英语简洁表达的特点。 技巧10 短句合译 因为汉语重意合，结构较为松散，因此短句较多。英语强调形合，结构较为严谨，因此长句多。可通过现在分 词、过去分词、介词、连词、不定式、从句、独立结构等把汉语的两个、甚至两个以上的短句合译为英语中的一个 长句，使译文的逻辑关系更为明显，更符合英文的表达习惯。 【例36】中国拥有的自行车数量为世界第一。它因此被称为“自行车王国”。 译文：China boasts the largest number of bicycles in the world, making it known as "bicycle kingdom 解析：原文第2个句子中的“因此”表明前后两个句子之间的关系为因果关系，故考虑将第2个句子处 理为第1个句子的结果状语，用分词短语making it known as.来表达° 【例37】春节快到了。人们都在忙着准备过节。 译文：The Spring Festival is approaching, for which everyone is busying preparing. 解析：原文中的逻辑关系较为明显，可考虑用which引导的非限制性定语从句将两句合译成一句。介 词for与prepare搭配，按照英语表达习惯，置于引导词之前。’ -9 -
第三章汉译英主题词汇 中国传统文化 四大发明the Four Great Inventions of Red Mansions 造纸术paper-making 《三国演义》Romance of the Three kingdoms 火药 水浒传》Water Margin Outlaus of the Marsh 指南针/罗盘compas (i诗经)Books f Songs 印剧术printing 《史记》Records of the Grand Historian;Histori 孔子Confucius cal Records f子Mencius 唐诗宋词Tang and Song poetry;poetry of the 思想学派school of thought Tang and Song dynasties 思想核心the core of ideology 元曲Yuan opera 代表人物 ep ntative 明小说Ming novel 儒家思想 汉语Ch 儒家文化Confucian culture 汉字Chinese character 道家Daoism 笔划strok 法家Legalism 普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese 和尚，僧人monk 对联couptet 寺庙temple 俗语idiom 琴供书画guqn, game of go, 词语phrase Chinese (traditional painting 山水画a cape painting 笛子lute 写意断free sketch painting 二胡erhu 敦煌壁断Dunhuang frescoes 古客uzheng 龙的形象the image of dragon 鼓drum 孔子庙Confucius Temple 琵琶Chinese lute 黄河the Yellow rive 中国象棋Chines se chess 长T the Ya 长城he Great Wal 对弈play chess 故宫the Imperial Palace;the Forbidden City 棋子chess pieces 故宫博物院The Palace Museum 排盘chessboard 天安门广场Tiananmen Square 中国书法Chinese calligraphy 胡同hutong 甲文oracle bone scrip 文武双全be excellent both in the arts of pen 文房四宝the four treasures of the study and 毛笔brush pen swo (孙子兵法》SumZ五s Art of War,Master Sun's 是ink stick Art of War 台inkstone 科举制imperial examination system 纸paper 状元the top scholar,champion 四大名若the four masterpieces 武术Chinese martial arts 《西游记 ey to the West;The Monkey King 太极叁Tai Chi (红楼梦)Dream of the Red Chamber;A Drean 古代兵器ancient weapon ·10
三 *汉译英主题词汇 中国传统文化 四大发明 the Four Great Inventions 造纸术 paper-making 火药 gunpowder 指南针/罗盘compass 印刷术printing 孑L子 Confucius 孟子 Mencius 思想学派 school of thought 思想核心 the core of ideology 代表人物 representative 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化 Confiician culture 道家Daoism 法家 Legalism 和尚、僧人monk 寺庙temple 琴棋书画 guqin, game of go, calligraphy and painting 乐器 musical mstrument 笛子flute 二胡 erhu 古筝 guzheng 鼓 drum 琵琶 Chinese lute 中国象棋Chinese chess 围棋 Chinese Go 对弈 play chess 棋子 chess pieces 棋盘 chessboard 中国书法 Chinese calligraphy 甲骨文 oracle bone script 文房四宝 the four treasures of the study 毛笔 brush pen 墨 ink stick 砚台 inkstone 纸 paper 四大名著 the four masterpieces 《西游记》Jwm翎 to the West; The Monkey King 《红楼梦》D爬cwn of the Red Chamber; A Dream of Red Mansions 《三国演义》of the Three Kingdoms 《水浒传》WdEer Margin^ Outlaws of the Marsh 《诗经》Books qf Songs 《史记》iieconis of the Grand Historian; Historical Records 唐诗宋词 Tang and Song poetry; poetry of the Tang and Song dynasties 元曲 Yuan opera 明小说Ming novel 汉语 Chinese 汉字 Chinese character 笔划stroke 普通话四声调 the four tones of Mandarin Chinese 对联 couplet 俗语idiom 词语phrase 国画 Chinese (traditional) painting 山水画 landscape painting 写意画 free sketch painting 敦煌壁画 Dunhuang frescoes 龙的形象 the image of dragon 孔子庙 Confucius Temple 黄河 the Yellow River 长江 the Yangtze River 长城 the Great Wall 故宫 the Imperial Palace; the Forbidden City 故宫博物院The Palace Museum 天安门广场 Tiananmen Square 胡同hutong 文武双全 be excellent both in the arts of pen and sword 《孙子兵法》Zi's Art of War; Master Sun's Art of War 科举制 imperial examination system 状元 the top scholar; champion 武术 Chinese martial arts 太极拳Tai Chi 古代兵器 ancient weapon 10
盔甲suit of armor 意言be word 传说legend 古 ntique 凡间h an world 盘abacus 重要文化遗产najor cultural heritage 三百六十行all walks of life:all kinds of iobs 国宝national treasure 铁饭碗ron bowl 文物cultural relics 礼节etiquette 才子佳人ginted scholars and beautiful ladies 尊荟景幼 pect the old and love the young 高雅少术r fined/high 礼物喷赠pre 享有 的声智 joy a good/high reputation for 和亲ma riage of state;peace-making marriage 被誉为be honored/crowned as f门当户对perfect match 占据重要地位lay a significant role:have/occupy 民间禁忌folk taboos a significant place 丧捧funeral 肩负.的责任shoulder the responsibility of. 孝服mourning clothes 与.密不可分be closely associated with 纸钱ehost 推广中国文化promote Chin e culture 二生肖Chinese Zodiac 促进世界和平 promote world peace 鼠Rat 增进友谊enhance friendship 牛Ox 文化娱乐活动cultural and amusement activities 虎Tiger 文化业culture industry 兔Hare;Rabbit 文化底值cultural denosit 龙Dragon 文化事业cultural undertaking 蛇Snake exc ange 马Hors 文化冲击 culture 文化异cultural difference 猴Monkey 民族特性和价值观national identity and value 鸡Rooster 在各地差异很大vary widely from region/place to 狗Dog regionplace 猪Pig 促进文化的传播promote the spread of cure 梅花plum blossoms 物发展 e exchanges 丰多彩be rich and colorful 牡丹peony 风俗习惯custom 莲花1ous 禁忌taboo w德lotus root 传统美德traditional vir巾ueg 中山装Chinese tunic suit 尊放老人respect the elderly 中国传统服饰女aditional Chinese costume 赡养父件supp rt/take care of parents 唐装h 民倒事folk tale 象征意义 meaning 审美观/品昧taste for beauty;aesthetic taste 中国传统节日 Spring Festival travel seasor Chunyun period nese New Year's Eve 买年货do Spring Fes ival shopping;buy necess 年夜饭the dinner on New Year'sve ty for Spring Festival 小年minor Spring Festival 扫尘土sweep the dust 11
盔甲 suit of armor 寓言fidMe 剑 sword 传说境end 古玩 antique 凡间 human worid 算盘abacus 重要文化遗产m曲or cultund heritage 三百六十行 all walks of life; all kinds of jobs 国宝 national treasure 铁饭碗iron bowl 文物 cultural relics 礼节 etiquette 才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautifiil ladies 尊老爱幼 respect the old and love the young 高雅艺术 refined/high art 礼物馈赠 present-giving 享有. 的声誉 ei\joy a good/high reputation for. 和亲 marriage of state; peace-making marriage 被誉为 be honored/crowned as 门当户对perfect match 占据重 要地位 lay a significant role; have/occupy 民间禁忌folk taboos a significant place 丧葬 funeral 肩负. 的责任 shoulder the responsibility of. 孝服 mourning clothes 与. 密不可分 be closely associated with. 纸钱 ghost money 推广中国文化 promote Chinese culture 十二生肖 Chinese Zodiac 促进世界和平promote world peace 鼠Rat 增进友® enhance friendship 牛Ox 文化娱乐活动 cultural and amusement activities 虎 Tiger 文化产业 culture industry 兔 Hare; Rabbit 文化底蕴 cultural deposit 龙 Dragon 文化事业 cultural undertaking 蛇 Snake 文化交流 cultural exchange 马 Horse 文化冲击culture shock 羊 Sheep 文化差异 cultural difference 猴 Monkey 民族特性和价值观national identity and value 鸡 Rooster 在各地差异很大 vary widely firom region4>lace to 狗Dog region/place 猪Pig 促进文化的传播 promote the spread of culture 梅花 plum blossoms 促进交流 promote exchanges 竹子bamboo 蓬勃发展flourish 松 pine 丰富多彩 be rich and colorful 牡丹peony 风俗习惯custom 莲花lotus 禁忌taboo 莲藕 lotus root 传统美德 traditional virtues 中山装 Chinese tunic suit 尊敬老人 respect the elderly 中国传统服饰 traditional Chinese costume 赡养父母 support/take care of parents 唐装 the Tang suit 象征意义 symbolic meaning 民间故事folk tale 审美观/品味 taste for beauty; aesthetic taste 中国传统节日 春节 the Spring Festival 春运 Spring Festival travel season; Chunyun period 除夕 Chinese New Year's Eve 买年货 do Spring Festival shopping; buy necessi- 年夜饭 the dinner on New Year's Eve ty for Spring Festival 小年 minor Spring Festival 扫尘土 sweep the dust . 11
剪窗花do paper-cutting 雨水rainwater 贴春联stick couplets 春耕spring ploughing 挂灯笼hang lanterns 扫基attend/sweep tomb:clean the grave:visit 条祖offer sacrifices to one's ancestors the grave 祭祀sacrifice() 品 sacrifice offerings 青have an outing in spring 财神the God of Wealth w午节Dragon Boat Festival 压岁钱gift money:lucky money 寐子Zong本；utinous rice pudding 包饺子make dumplings 赛龙舟dragon boats racing 守岁stay up for the New Year 雌黄酒realgar wine 拜年New Year'visit 夕Double se enth Festival 用历solar 阴历unar calenda 织女 eaver Maid 天于heavenly sten 喜鹤桥the magpie bridge 地支earthly branch 梳妆dress and make up 闰年lea即year 中元节/鬼节Ghost Festival 探亲访友(paya）isit(to)relatives and friends 河water lantern 亲朋好友relatives and friends 中秋节Mid-autumn Festival 大扫除thoroughly clear the house 圆饭family eunion dinne 厄话weep awayⅢfortune getrid of bad 花灯colorful lantern luck 月圆夜full moon 去除灾难ward off evils f月enjoy the moon 发红包give money in red envelopes;hand out 吃月拼have mooncake red envelones 思乡be homesick r度.the celebration of.：celebrate f阳节Double ninth festival 年画New Year Pictur 转运havE change of luck 重阳糕d ninth cake 春节联欢晚会Spring Featival Gala 赏菊enjoy chrysanthemums 年糕rice cake 菊花酒chrysanthemum wine 祝福每信blessing message 寒食节Cold Food Festival 元宵节the Lantern Festival 冷含old food 春卷spring rolls 禁smoking ban;not allow to make fire dumplings 饮食diet 扭秧歌do the Yangko Dance 斗鸡cockfigh 舞龙dragon dance 啦尾kickbal山；cuuj 舞狮lion dance 考秋干play on a swin模 灯迷lantern riddles 拔河push-and-pull;tug of war 龙抬头Dragon Heads-raising Day 腊人节the laba Festival 祈雨pray for rain 腊人粥Laba rice porridge 脂入面Laba noodle 中国饮食文化 饮食文化food culture 粤菜Canton cuisine 巾闰菜/中餐Chinese cuisine;Chinese food 烹饪技巧cooking technique 12
剪窗花 do paper-cutting 贴春联 stick couplets 挂灯笼 hang lanterns 祭祖 offer sacrifices to one's ancestors 祭祀 sacrifice (v.) 烟花爆竹 fireworks and firecrackers 财神 the God of Wealth 压岁钱 gift money; lucky money 包饺子 make dumplings 守岁 stay up for the New Year 拜年 New Year's visit 阳历 solar calendar 阴历 lunar calendar 天干 heavenly stem 地支 earthly branch 闰年 leap year 探亲访友(pay a) visit (to) relatives and friends 亲朋好友 relatives and friends 大扫除 thoroughly clean the house 驱厄运 sweep away ill fortune; get rid of bad luck 去除灾难ward off evils 发红包 give money in red envelopes; hand out red envelopes 欢度. the celebration of.; celebrate. 年画 New Year Picture 转运 have a change of luck 春节联欢晚会Spring Festival Gala 年糕 rice cake 祝福短信 blessing message 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 春卷 spring rolls 元宵 sweet dumplings 扭秧歌 do the Yangko Dance 舞龙 dragon dance 舞狮 lion dance 灯谜 lantern riddles 龙抬头 Dragon Heads-raising Day 祈雨 pray for rain 丰收 good harvest 清明节 Tomb Sweeping Day 雨水 rainwater 春耕 spring ploughing 扫墓 attend/sweep tomb; clean the grave; visit the grave 祭品 sacrifices; sacrifice offerings 踏青 have an outing in spring 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 粽子 Zongzi; glutinous rice pudding 赛龙舟 dragon boats racing 雄黄酒 realgar wine 七夕 Double Seventh Festival 牛郎 Cowherd 织女 Weaver Maid 喜鹊桥 the magpie bridge 梳妆 dress and make up 中元节/鬼节Ghost Festival 河灯 water lantern 中秋节 Mid-autumn Festival 团圆饭 family reunion dinner 花灯 colorful lantern 月圆夜full moon 赏月 eryoy the moon 吃月饼 have mooncake 思乡 be homesick 重阳节 Double Ninth Festival 登高 climb mountain 重阳糕 double ninth cake 赏菊 enjoy chrysanthemums 菊花酒 chrysanthemum wine 寒食节 Cold Food Festival 冷食 cold food 禁烟 smoking ban; not allow to make fire 饮食diet 斗鸡 cockfight 蹴鞠 kickball; cuju 荡秋千 play on a swing 拔河 push-and-pull; tug of war 腊八节 the Laba Festival 腊八粥 Laba rice porridge 腊八面 Laba noodle 饮食文化food culture 中国菜/中餐 Chinese cuisine; Chinese food 中国您食文化 粤菜 Canton cuisine 烹饪技巧 cooking technique . 12 -
慢头steamed buns 炒stir-y 花卷steamed twisted rolls 炸deep-fy 包子steamed stuffed buns:Baozi 烩/焖/炖stew 北京烤Beiiing roast Duck steam 拉面hand-stretched noodles 者boil 豆离to:bean curd 烘培bake 麻花fried dough 烤roas 绕饼clay oven roll 切条cut to strips 皮蛋century egg:10O-year egg 切dice 蛋炒饭fried rice with egg 切碎mince 有酒Chinese liquor 磨碎ind 装firewood 饮食习惯dietary habit 米ice 特色食品specialt 油ol 红茶black tea 盐sal 绿茶green tea sauce 火锅hot pot 醋vinegar 镶子chopsticks 酒wine 熊掌bear paw 茶tea 浆sovbea milk 中国传统手工艺 绣花鞋embroidered 中国瓷器Ch e ceramics 独特的艺术价值unique artistic values 唐三彩Tricolor-glazed Pottery of the Tang Dynasty 形状不.be of different shapes 彩周painted pottery 材质各异various materials 器pottery,earthenware 质地坚硬hard texture 青倒器bronze ware 造型生动vivid figure 雕刻carving 色彩丰高rich colours 风格独特cha unique style 中闲结Chinese knot 泥人clay figure 中闲织绣Chinese silk embroideries 声名（盛名）在外/享誉海外/誉满全球be(veny)famous 刺绣embroidery overseas/be very famous throughout the world 绣球embroidered ball 中国传统表演艺术 京剧Peking Opera 相声crosstalk 脸i谱facial makeup i说、学，i逗，明peaking.imitating,teasing and 正面角色positive role singing 木偶戏puppet show 说书story-telling 皮影戏shadow play 民谣olk songs 杂技acrobatics 客家山歌Hakka hi山songs ,13
绣球 embroidered ball 煎fry 炒 stir-fiy 炸 deep-fry 炫/炯/炖stew 蒸 steam 煮 boil 烘焙bake 烤 roast 切条 cut to strips 切丁 dice 切碎mince 磨碎grind 饮食习惯dietary habit 特色食品specialty 红茶 black tea 绿茶 green tea 火锅hot pot 筷子 chopsticks 熊掌 bear paw 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns; Baozi 北京烤鸭 Bejjing Roast Duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 豆腐 tofu; bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 century egg; 100-year egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 白酒 Chinese liquor 柴 firewood 米 rice 油oil 盐 salt 酱 sauce 醋 vinegar 酒 wine 茶tea 中国传统手工艺 传统工艺品 traditional handicraft 优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts 独特的艺术价值unique artistic values 形状不_ be of different shapes 材质各异 various materials 质地坚硬hard texture 造型生动vivid figure 色彩丰富rich colours 风格独特 characteristic/unique style 中国结 Chinese knot 中国织绣 Chinese silk embroideries 刺绣 embroidery 绣花鞋 embroidered shoes 中国瓷器 Chinese ceramics 唐三^Tricolor-glazed Potteiy of the Tang Dynasty 彩陶 painted potteiy 陶器 potteiy; earthenware 青铜器 bronze ware 雕刻 carving 玉雕 jade carving 蜡染 wax printing 泥人 clay figure 声名(盛名)在夕卜厚誉海夕卜膺满全球be (very) famous overseas/be very famous throughout the world 中国传统表演艺术 京剧 Peking Opera 脸谱 facial makeup 正面角色positive role 木偶戏 puppet show 皮影戏 shadow play 杂技 acrobatics 相声 crosstalk 说、学、逗、唱 speaking, imitating, teasing and singing 说书 story-telling 民谣 folk songs 客家山歌 Hakka hill songs 13