Diarrhea Definition increase in the frequency of bowel movements increase in stool liquidity in some cases increase in daily stool weight >200g/d)
Diarrhea Definition • increase in the frequency of bowel movements • increase in stool liquidity • in some cases increase in daily stool weight (>200g/d)
Pathophysiological mechanisms secretory diarrhea(increased intestinal secretion) Osmotic diarrhea Decreased intestinal surface area and/or intestinal absorption Rapid transit of intestinal contents(shortened transit time)
Pathophysiological mechanisms • secretory diarrhea (increased intestinal secretion) • Osmotic diarrhea • Decreased intestinal surface area and/or intestinal absorption • Rapid transit of intestinal contents (shortened transit time)
Pathophysiological mechanisms secretory diarrhea (increased intestinal secretion) active Adenylate CAMP NaCI↑ agents secretory cyclase system diarrhea .s infections(cholera toxin, E-col, salmonella, staphylococcal) 今 Hormonal( Gut hormones,ZES,ⅤmP), cancer(calcitonin, Prostaglandins) . o miscellaneous(laxatives abuse, villous adenoma of the rectum)
Pathophysiological mechanisms • secretory diarrhea (increased intestinal secretion) ❖ infections (cholera toxin, E-col, salmonella, staphylococcal) ❖ Hormonal (Gut Hormones, ZES, VIP), cancer (calcitonin, Prostaglandins) ❖ miscellaneous (laxatives abuse, villous adenoma of the rectum) agents Adenylate cyclase cAMP system secretory diarrhea active NaCl
Pathophysiological mechanisms Osmotic diarrhea It caused by accumulation of the followings in the gut lumen being osmotically active poorly absorble solutes maldigestion of ingested food water failure to transport an osmotically diarrhea active dietary nonelectrolyte salts (E: glucose) intestinal lumen
Pathophysiological mechanisms • Osmotic diarrhea It caused by accumulation of the followings in the gut lumen water salts poorly absorble solutes maldigestion of ingested food failure to transport an osmotically active dietary nonelectrolyte (E: glucose) intestinal Lumen being osmotically active diarrhea
Colon Short-chain fatty acids Small Intestine Fluid Carbohydrates Protein Lipids lleum Fat-soluble vitamins Folate Bile acids Vitaronbn2 Calcium, phosphorus Iron Zinc