Dyspnea
Dyspnea
Definition Dyspnea is defined as an awareness of difficulty in breathing It is therefore a symptom, usually described by the patient as shortness of breath, whether the sensation is due to actual difficulty in breathing or is essentially an awareness of hyperventilation. If the symptom becomes striking, it always companies with dilatation of nares cyanosis, use of accessory muscles of respiration and abnormalities of respiratory rate, depth or rhythm
Definition: Dyspnea is defined as an awareness of difficulty in breathing It is therefore a symptom, usually described by the patient as “shortness of breath,” whether the sensation is due to actual difficulty in breathing or is essentially an awareness of hyperventilation. If the symptom becomes striking, it always companies with dilatation of nares, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles of respiration and abnormalities of respiratory rate, depth or rhythm
Etiology Respiratory diseases Circulatory diseases Poisoning Hematology Neuropsychogenic factors
Etiology • Respiratory diseases • Circulatory diseases • Poisoning • Hematology • Neuropsychogenic factors
Mechanism clinical feature Respiratory dyspnea 1. Inspiratory dyspnea 2. Expiratory dyspnea 3. Mixed dyspnea
Mechanism & clinical feature • Respiratory dyspnea 1. Inspiratory dyspnea 2. Expiratory dyspnea 3. Mixed dyspnea
Mechanism clinical feature Cardiac dyspnea Cardiac dyspnea is usually attributable to pulmonary vascular congestion resulting from the left and/or right heart failure
Mechanism & clinical feature • Cardiac dyspnea Cardiac dyspnea is usually attributable to pulmonary vascular congestion resulting from the left and/or right heart failure