Dyspnea
Dyspnea
Definition D yspnea is defined as an awareness of difficulty in breathing It is therefore a symptom, usually described by the patient as short of breath, whether the sensation is due to actual difficulty in breathing or is essentially an awareness of hyperventilation. If the symptom becomes striking, it always companies with dilatation of nares, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles of respiration and abnormalities of respiratory rate, depth or rhythm
Definition: Dyspnea is defined as an awareness of difficulty in breathing It is therefore a symptom, usually described by the patient as “short of breath,” whether the sensation is due to actual difficulty in breathing or is essentially an awareness of hyperventilation. If the symptom becomes striking, it always companies with dilatation of nares, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles of respiration and abnormalities of respiratory rate, depth or rhythm
Etiology Respiratory diseases Circulatory diseases > Poisoning Hematology Neuropsychogenic factors
➢Respiratory diseases ➢ Circulatory diseases ➢ Poisoning ➢ Hematology ➢ Neuropsychogenic factors Etiology
Respiratory dyspnea Caused by abnormal ventilation and gas exchange, reduction in ventilatory capacity, hypercapnia and hypoxemia resulting from respiratory disease Three clininal types: Inspiratory dyspnea Expiratory dyspnea Mixed dyspnea
Respiratory dyspnea ▪ Caused by abnormal ventilation and gas exchange, reduction in ventilatory capacity, hypercapnia and hypoxemia resulting from respiratory disease. ▪ Three clininal types: Inspiratory dyspnea Expiratory dyspnea Mixed dyspnea
Inspiratory dyspnea Tends to occur primarily when there is obstruction ( such as inflammation, edema, tumor and foreign body) in larynx, trachea and major bronchi a Characterized by the depression sigh, in which visible indrawing over the sternal notch, the supraclavicular spaces, the intercostal spaces and the epigastrium in the inspiration can be seen Often accompanied by a coarse, low pitched inspiratory wheezing and dry cough
Inspiratory dyspnea ◼ Tends to occur primarily when there is obstruction ( such as inflammation, edema, tumor and foreign body) in larynx, trachea and major bronchi. ◼ Characterized by the depression sigh, in which visible indrawing over the sternal notch, the supraclavioular spaces, the intercostal spaces and the epigastrium in the inspiration can be seen. ◼ Often accompanied by a coarse, low pitched inspiratory wheezing and dry cough