盒 AO TONG MT333 Materials Applications and Practice Superalloys in Aerospace MT333 Materials Applications Practice Prof.XiaoQi Chen A.1 Superalloys in Aerospace What to be covered: O TONG UR A.Superalloys and Applications B.Superalloys Additive Manufacturing C.Superalloys Subtractive Manufacturing References: 1.Li H.Z.,Chen,X.Q.,(2013)"Tool Condition Monitoring in Machining Superalloys",Aerospace Materials Handbook,Series:Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,Editor:Zhang S., Zhao D.,ISBN 978-1-4398-7329-8,CRC Press,Boca Raton,USA,pp.77-107. 2.Chen,X.Q.,Gong,Z.M.,Huang,H.,Ge,S.S..,Zhou,L.B.(2002),"Process Development,Approach for 3D Profile Grinding,Polishing"in Advanced Automation Techniques in Adaptive Material Processing,Eds:Chen,X.Q.,Devanathan,R.&Fong,A.M.,ISBN 981-02-4902-0,World Scientific, Singapore,pp.19-54. 3. Chen,X.Q.,Gong,Z.M.,Huang,H.,Ge,S.S..,Zhou,L.B.(2002),"Adaptive Robotic System for 3D Profile Grinding,Polishing"in Advanced Automation Techniques in Adaptive Material Processing,Eds:Chen,X.Q.,Devanathan,R.Fong,A.M.,ISBN 981-02-4902-0,World Scientific, Singapore,pp.55-90. MT333 Materials Applications&Practice Prof.XiaoQi Chen A.2
MT333 Materials Applications A.1 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen MT333 Materials Applications and Practice Superalloys in Aerospace MT333 Materials Applications A.2 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen Superalloys in Aerospace A. Superalloys and Applications B. Superalloys Additive Manufacturing C. Superalloys Subtractive Manufacturing 1. Li H. Z., Chen, X.Q., (2013) “Tool Condition Monitoring in Machining Superalloys”, Aerospace Materials Handbook, Series: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Editor: Zhang S., Zhao D., ISBN 978-1-4398-7329-8, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, pp. 77 – 107. 2. Chen, X.Q., Gong, Z.M., Huang, H., Ge, S.S.., Zhou, L.B. (2002), “Process Development, Approach for 3D Profile Grinding, Polishing” in Advanced Automation Techniques in Adaptive Material Processing, Eds: Chen, X.Q., Devanathan, R. & Fong, A.M., ISBN 981-02-4902-0, World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 19-54. 3. Chen, X.Q., Gong, Z.M., Huang, H., Ge, S.S.., Zhou, L.B. (2002), “Adaptive Robotic System for 3D Profile Grinding, Polishing” in Advanced Automation Techniques in Adaptive Material Processing, Eds: Chen, X.Q., Devanathan, R. & Fong, A.M., ISBN 981-02-4902-0, World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 55-90. What to be covered: References:
A.SUPERALLOYS APPLICATIONS HAO TO Learning Goals 1.Refresh materials classification and properties 2.Understand Superalloys Structure and Properties 3.Understand Superalloys Applications in Aerospace MT333 Materials Applications Practice Prof.XiaoQi Chen A.3 1.MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION PROPERTIES O TONG UND 。 PE,PMMA Polymers Nylon (PA) PS,PU,PVC PET,PEEK EP,NR Iron and Steels Composites Metals Aluminum and Alloys Copper and Alloys Titanium and Alloys GFRP Superalloys:Nickel-based, CFRP Cobalt-based alloys,etc. Ceramics Alumina Magnesia Silica Silicon Carbide Silicon Nitride Cement and Concrete MT333 Materials Applications&Practice Prof.XiaoQi Chen A.4
MT333 Materials Applications A.3 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen A. SUPERALLOYS & APPLICATIONS 1. Refresh materials classification and properties 2. Understand Superalloys Structure and Properties 3. Understand Superalloys Applications in Aerospace Learning Goals MT333 Materials Applications A.4 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen 1. MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION & PROPERTIES Composites Polymers Metals Ceramics • Alumina • Magnesia • Silica • Silicon Carbide • Silicon Nitride • Cement and Concrete • GFRP • CFRP • PE, PMMA • Nylon (PA) • PS, PU, PVC • PET, PEEK • EP, NR • Iron and Steels • Aluminum and Alloys • Copper and Alloys • Titanium and Alloys • Superalloys: Nickel-based, Cobalt-based alloys, etc
Classes of Property 歌 Economic Price and availability Recyclability General Physical Density Mechanical Modulus Yield and tensile strength Hardness Fracture toughness Fatigue strength Creep strength Damping Thermal Thermal conductivity Specific heat Thermal expansion coefficient Electrical and Resistivity Magnetic Dielectric constant Magnetic permeability Environmental Oxidation Interaction Corrosion Wear Production Ease of Manufacture Joining Finishing Aesthetic Color Texture MT333 Materials Applications Practice Feel A.5 Metals AO TONG Metals are typically split into ferrous (iron containing) and non-ferrous Most widely used metals are alloys except for aluminum and precious metals Metals are in general are good thermal and electrical conductors.Many metals are relatively strong and ductile at room temperature,and many maintain good strength even at high temperature. MT333 Materials Applications&Practice Prof.XiaoQi Chen A.6 国
MT333 Materials Applications A.5 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen Classes of Property Economic Price and availability Recyclability General Physical Density Mechanical Modulus Yield and tensile strength Hardness Fracture toughness Fatigue strength Creep strength Damping Thermal Thermal conductivity Specific heat Thermal expansion coefficient Electrical and Magnetic Resistivity Dielectric constant Magnetic permeability Environmental Interaction Oxidation Corrosion Wear Production Ease of Manufacture Joining Finishing Aesthetic Color Texture Feel MT333 Materials Applications A.6 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen Metals • Metals are typically split into ferrous (iron containing) and non-ferrous • Most widely used metals are alloys except for aluminum and precious metals • Metals are in general are good thermal and electrical conductors. Many metals are relatively strong and ductile at room temperature, and many maintain good strength even at high temperature
2.SUPERALLOYS The term "superalloy"was first used shortly after World War II to describe a group of alloys developed for use in turbosuperchargers and aircraft turbine engines that required high performance at elevated temperatures. A superalloy,or high-performance alloy,is an alloy able to withstand extreme temperatures that would destroy conventional metals like steel and aluminum. Properties: excellent mechanical strength and creep resistance at high temperatures, >good surface stability, and corrosion and oxidation resistance. Structure:typically an austenitic face-centered cubic crystal structure. Base alloying element:usually nickel,cobalt,or nickel-iron. Examples:Hastelloy,Inconel,Haynes alloys,Incoloy,MP98T, TMS alloys,and CMSX single crystal alloys. MT333 Materials Applications Practice Prof.XiaoQi Chen A.7 Inconel O TONG U Inconel:Ni-Cr Based superalloys Element (by mass) Inconel g Cr Nb Co Mn Cu Si PB 600 7214.0-17.06.0-10.0 0.5 0.5 0.150.015 617 44.2-56.0 20.0-24.0 8.0-10.0 10.0-15.0 0.5 0.5 0.8-1.5 0.6 0.5 0.15 0.015 0.0150.006 625 5820.0-23.0 8.0-10.03.15-4.15 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.015 0.015 690 59.5 % 9.2 0.35 0.01 0.02 0.35 0.019 0.003 71850.0-55.017.0-21.0 balance 2.8-3.3 4.75-5.5 0.35 02-0.8 0.65-1.15 0.35 0.08 0.015 0.0150.006 X-750 70 14.0-17.0 5.0-9.0 0.7-12 1 1 0.5 0.4-1.0 2.25-2.75 0.5 0.08 0.01 MT333 Materials Applications Practice Prof.XiaoQi Chen A.8
MT333 Materials Applications A.7 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen 2. SUPERALLOYS • The term "superalloy" was first used shortly after World War II to describe a group of alloys developed for use in turbosuperchargers and aircraft turbine engines that required high performance at elevated temperatures. • A superalloy, or high-performance alloy, is an alloy able to withstand extreme temperatures that would destroy conventional metals like steel and aluminum. • Properties: excellent mechanical strength and creep resistance at high temperatures, good surface stability, and corrosion and oxidation resistance. • Structure: typically an austenitic face-centered cubic crystal structure. • Base alloying element: usually nickel, cobalt, or nickel-iron. • Examples: Hastelloy, Inconel, Haynes alloys, Incoloy, MP98T, TMS alloys, and CMSX single crystal alloys. MT333 Materials Applications A.8 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen Inconel Ni Cr Fe Mo Nb Co Mn Cu Al Ti Si C S P B 600 72 14.0–17.0 6.0–10.0 1 0.5 0.5 0.15 0.015 617 44.2–56.0 20.0–24.0 3 8.0–10.0 10.0–15.0 0.5 0.5 0.8–1.5 0.6 0.5 0.15 0.015 0.015 0.006 625 58 20.0–23.0 5 8.0–10.0 3.15–4.15 1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.015 0.015 690 59.5 30 9.2 0.35 0.01 0.02 0.35 0.019 0.003 718 50.0–55.0 17.0–21.0 balance 2.8–3.3 4.75–5.5 1 0.35 0.2–0.8 0.65–1.15 0.3 0.35 0.08 0.015 0.015 0.006 X-750 70 14.0–17.0 5.0–9.0 0.7–1.2 1 1 0.5 0.4–1.0 2.25–2.75 0.5 0.08 0.01 Inconel Element (% by mass) Inconel: Ni-Cr Based superalloys
Superalloy Gamma (y):The continuous matrix is an face- centered-cubic (fcc)nickel-based phase that usually contains a high percentage of disordered solid-solution elements such as Co,Cr,Mo,and W. Gamma Prime (y'):The primary strengthening phase in nickel-based superalloys is Ni(Al,Ti).It is a coherently precipitating phase(i.e.,the crystal planes of the precipitate are in registry with the y matrix)with an ordered crystal structure.The close match in matrix/precipitate lattice parameter(~0-1%)combined with the chemical compatibility allows the y'to precipitate homogeneously throughout the matrix and have long-time stability MT333 Materials Applications Practice Prof.XiaoQi Chen A.9 Superalloys Mechanical Resistance vs.Temperature: O TONG U fragile R Super-alloy T The composite structure of superalloys(ie.coexistence of"soft" disordered y phase and "ordered"y'phase brings new mechanical properties together with a light material MT333 Materials Applications Practice Prof.XiaoQi Chen A.10
MT333 Materials Applications A.9 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen ’ Superalloy • Gamma (): The continuous matrix is an facecentered-cubic (fcc) nickel-based phase that usually contains a high percentage of disordered solid-solution elements such as Co, Cr, Mo, and W. • Gamma Prime ('): The primary strengthening phase in nickel-based superalloys is Ni3(Al, Ti). It is a coherently precipitating phase (i.e., the crystal planes of the precipitate are in registry with the matrix) with an ordered crystal structure. The close match in matrix/precipitate lattice parameter (~0-1%) combined with the chemical compatibility allows the ' to precipitate homogeneously throughout the matrix and have long-time stability MT333 Materials Applications A.10 & Practice Prof. XiaoQi Chen Mechanical Resistance vs. Temperature: R T ’ fragile Super-alloy The composite structure of superalloys (ie. coexistence of “soft” disordered phase and “ordered” ' phase brings new mechanical properties together with a light material The composite structure of superalloys (ie. coexistence of “soft” disordered phase and “ordered” ' phase brings new mechanical properties together with a light material Superalloys