Physiology Two kinds of body temperature: Core temperature(体核温度)is the temperature of the deep tissues of the body. It remains relatively constant. Surface(shell))temperature(体表温度)is the temperature of the skin,the subcutaneous and the fat tissue.It,by contrast,rises and falls in response to the environment
Core temperature（体核温度） is the temperature of the deep tissues of the body. It remains relatively constant. Surface temperature（体表温度）is the temperature of the skin, the subcutaneous and the fat tissue. It, by contrast, rises and falls in response to the environment. 1
Physiology Regulation of Temperature The balance between heat produced and heat lost is precisely regulated by physiological and behavioral mechanism. The system that regulates body temperature has three main parts: sensors in the shell and the core(躯体和内脏 感受器) an integrator in the hypothalamus(下丘脑体 温调节中枢) an effectual system(效应系统)
Regulation of Temperature The balance between heat produced and heat lost is precisely regulated by physiological and behavioral mechanism. The system that regulates body temperature has three main parts: • sensors in the shell and the core（躯体和内脏 感受器） • an integrator in the hypothalamus（下丘脑体 温调节中枢） • an effectual system（效应系统） 1
Physiology Heat Production Heat is produced in the body through metabolism,which is the chemical reaction in all body cells. Heat production is through: ·Voluntary movements(自主运动) ·In voluntary shivering(不自主寒颤) ·Nonshivering thermogenesis(无寒颤生热)
Heat Production • Heat is produced in the body through metabolism, which is the chemical reaction in all body cells. Heat production is through: • Voluntary movements(自主运动) • In voluntary shivering(不自主寒颤) • Nonshivering thermogenesis(无寒颤生热) 1
Physiology Heat Loss ·Heat loss by Skin(7o%)、respiratory (29%)、evacuate(1%) Normal heat loss is through ·Radiation ·conduction ·convection ·evaporation
Heat Loss • Heat loss by Skin（70%）、respiratory （29%）、evacuate（1%） • Normal heat loss is through • Radiation • conduction • convection • evaporation 1
Physiology Radiation It is the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two. Radiation increases as the temperature difference between the objects increases. The client's position increases radiation heat loss
Radiation It is the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two. • Radiation increases as the temperature difference between the objects increases. • The client’s position increases radiation heat loss. 1