Bloodstream CONTROL POINTS CONTROL POINTS IN IN GLYCOLYSIS GLUCONEOGENESIS (substrate-level ■2,6P■0 F2,6 BP AMP S AMP ATP S Hormonal Citrate S S control of synthesis .6-bisphosphate F1.6BP Hormonal Acetyl-CoA symnesis Key ATP,alanine Prorotes CAMP- S alycolysis dependent Prorotes Acetyi-CoA 可lU0oe0 genesis Activation Inhibition D
GLYCOLYSIS Mostly endergonic reactions Mostly exergonic reactions Triose phosphate isomerase Aldolase Glyceraldehyde-Dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate phosphate Fructose (G3P) (DAP) Phosphofructo-1,6-bis Glyceraldehyde 2NAD寸 kinasephosphate 3phosphate (F1.6BP) Phosphoglucose Fructose dehydrogenase +2AD步+ isomerase 6-phosphate 2 1.3-Bisphosphoglycerate(BPG) (F6P) ATP Glucose ADP Phosphoglycerate 2 ADP Hexokinase 6-phosphate kinase (G6P) -2ATP Glucose7 2 3Phosphoglycerate (3PG) ATP ADP Phosphogiycerate mutase The first 4 reactions split one six-carbon glucose 2 2.Phosphoglycerate(2PG) into 2 3-carbon molecules,using the energy from Enolase 2 ATPs. The next 5 reactions produce 2 molecules of 2 Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP) pyruvate,reduce 2 NAD to NADH,and produce Pyruvate 2 (ADP 4 molecules of ATP. kinase The net gain for glycolysis is 2 ATPs. 2 Pyruvate
☆TCA循环 TCA循环产生一个GTP, 三个NADH, 一个FADH2
☆ TCA循环 TCA循环产生一个GTP, 三个NADH ， 一个FADH2
Pyruvate NAD+ NA+ c02 CoA Acetyl-CoA」 NAi+⊙ Oxaloacetate NAD+ Citrate Malate Isocitrate Citric acid cycle NAD A6狮+⊙ Fumarate CoA b-Ketoglutarate c02 FADH2 NAD* FAD Succinate Succinyl-CoA NAO修+ c02 GDP GTP ATP ADP
Amino Fatty acids acids Pyruvate cetyl-CoA electron carri NADH 人人 FADH2 ud FADH2 Respiratory chain lavins ADP+P Iron-sulfur 122 Coenzyme Q Cytochromes Oxidized electror (NAD.FAD)