C.Ciliary movement D.Phagocytic activity by macrophages The structure of centrioles 35.A 53-year-old man with a body mass index of 30 is diagnosed with type ll diabetes.Clinical studies have demonstrated that chloroquine improves glucose metabolism in such patients.Chloroquine is a weak base that neutralizes acidic organelles.In a pancreaticBcell,which one of the following would be a direct effect of chloroquine treatment? A.Increased proinsulin content in secretory vesicles B.Increased release of C peptide C.Increaesd number of amylase-containing secretory vesicles? d.Reduced translation of glucagon mrNA E.Increased stability of insulin mRNA 36.A 32-year-old man and his 30-year-old wife are referred for a reprocuctive endocrinology infertility (REl)consult after 2 years of trying to"get pregnant".He is diagnosed with oligozoospermia.Ejaculated mature sperm are collected and analyzed for genetic analysis.Using genetic linkage analysis,his REI specialist determines that he has aberrations in genic meiotic recom ination,including both diminished frequency and suboptimal oction,resulting ina high of aneuploid sperm.In the explamation of the problem. .she explains meiosis and recombination attributing the problem to a specific phase of meiosis.Which phase of meiosis is most closely associated with recombination? A.Lepotene B.Zygotene C.Pachytene D.Diplotene E.Diakinesis 37.A32-year-old (gravida2.para2)woman who gave birth toa baby girl 24 hours before is having difficulty urinating and is retaining urine in her bladder.She is given bethanechol,a muscatinic agonist,which is the ligand shown in the figure below.Which one of the following is the function of molecule A? A directly activates protein kinaseC B Binds to the ER C Hydrolysis of PIP toform diacylglycerol (DAG)and inositol triphosphate(IP3) 4.5-bisphosphate (PIP2) E Stimulation of Gs activity through phosphorylation of PIP2
C. Ciliary movement D. Phagocytic activity by macrophages E. The structure of centrioles 35. A 53-year-old man with a body mass index of 30 is diagnosed with typeⅡdiabetes. Clinical studies have demonstrated that chloroquine improves glucose metabolism in such patients. Chloroquine is a weak base that neutralizes acidic organelles. In a pancreaticβcell , which one of the following would be a direct effect of chloroquine treatment ? A.Increased proinsulin content in secretory vesicles B. Increased release of C peptide C. Increaesd number of amylase-containing secretory vesicles? D. Reduced translation of glucagon mRNA E. Increased stability of insulin mRNA 36. A 32-year-old man and his 30-year-old wife are referred for a reprocuctive endocrinology infertility (REI)consult after 2 years of trying to “get pregnant”. He is diagnosed with oligozoospermia. Ejaculated mature sperm are collected and analyzed for genetic analysis. Using genetic linkage analysis , his REI specialist determines that he has aberrations in spermatogenic meiotic recombination, including both diminished frequency and suboptimal location, resulting in a high frequency of aneuploid sperm. In the explamation of the problem, she explains meiosis and recombination attributing the problem to a specific phase of meiosis . Which phase of meiosis is most closely associated with recombination? A. Lepotene B. Zygotene C. Pachytene D. Diplotene E . Diakinesis 37. A 32-year-old (gravida2, para2) woman who gave birth to a baby girl 24 hours before is having difficulty urinating and is retaining urine in her bladder. She is given bethanechol, a muscatinic agonist , which is the ligand shown in the figure below . Which one of the following is the function of molecule A ? A directly activates protein kinase C B Binds to the ER C Hydrolysis of PIP2 to form diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) D Stimulation of inhibitory G protein (Gi) activity through phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) E Stimulation of G5 activity through phosphorylation of PIP2
38.A 20-month-old boy is diagnosed with Hutchinson-Gilgord progerial syndrome (HGPS),a severe form of premature aging.Fetal and early postnatal developmentare normal,but there is now severe failureo thrive,some lipoatrophy,bo ony abnormalities,a smal beaked ose and edin ssand speckled hypopigmentation with some areas of tight hard skin.His neurological and cognitive tests are normal Genetic analysis shows a single spontaneous mutation in codon 608 of the LMNA gene,which encodes both lamin A and lamin C.Which one of the following would you most likely expect to be a direct effect in cells obtained from this patient A Increased heter B Interference with microtubule treadmilling CIncreased synthesis of rRNA in the D Loss of ability to adhere to the basement membrane through integrins E Aberrations in nuclear architecture 39.The two major secretory pathways A -B-C-D(pathway I and C-E(pathway lI)are illustrated in the figure.Albumin ation by by pathway I In a patient with serum evels of albumin are reduced.Which one of the following is the most likely cause of the reduced secretion of albumin? A ① A.Reduced binding of“A”to receptors D.Reduced activity of the cAMP-actived signal transduction system E.Increased cAMP levels 40.AG phase and an M-phase cell are fused together with a endai virus.The result is thar the chromosomes in the G-phase cell condense.Which of the follo A. Lamins will be phosphorylated in the G cell B.The S-phase activator will be expressed in the M-phase cell C.The M-phase cell will reduplicate its DNA
38. A 20-month-old boy is diagnosed with Hutchinson-Gilgord progerial syndrome (HGPS) , a severe form of early-onset premature aging . Fetal and early postnatal development are normal , but there is now severe failure to thrive , some lipoatrophy , bony abnormalities , a small , beaked nose and receding mandible , hair loss , and speckled hypopigmentation with some areas of tight hard skin . His neurological and cognitive tests are normal . Genetic analysis shows a single spontaneous mutation in codon 608 of the LMNA gene , which encodes both lamin A and lamin C . Which one of the following would you most likely expect to be a direct effect in cells obtained from this patient ? A Increased heterochromatin B Interference with microtubule treadmilling C Increased synthesis of rRNA in the nucleolus D Loss of ability to adhere to the basement membrane through integrins E Aberrations in nuclear architecture 39. The two major secretory pathways A B C D（pathwayⅠ）and C E (pathwayⅡ) are illustrated in the figure . Albumin secreation by hepatocytes occurs by pathwayⅡ. In a patient with cirrhosis , the serum levels of albumin are reduced. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of the reduced secretion of albumin? A. Reduced binding of “A” to receptors B. Reduced numbers of functional hepatocytes C. Down-regulation of “B” on hepatocytes D. Reduced activity of the cAMP-actived signal transduction system E. Increased cAMP levels 40. A G1 phase and an M-phase cell are fused together with a Sendai virus. The result is thar the chromosomes in the G1-phase cell condense. Which of the following would be the best possible cell biological explanation ? A. Lamins will be phosphorylated in the G1 cell B. The S-phase activator will be expressed in the M-phase cell C. The M-phase cell will reduplicate its DNA