杉山彬之死与西摩尔远征 文久2年2月5日，杉山彬出生。水户藩士之子。入外务省任职后，于明治30年(1897年)到清国 赴任。明治33年(1900年)在义和团运动中，日本驻华公使馆书记生杉山彬于6月11日在北京 被甘军董福祥部所杀，终年39歳。 6月11日，俄、英、美、日、德、法、意、奥八国拼凑2066名（英军915人、德军540人、 俄军312人、法军158人、美军112人、日军54人、义军40人、奥匈军25人)官兵组成联军 先遣队，由英国海军中将西摩尔任司令、美国海军上校麦卡加拉为副司令、俄国上校沃嗄 克任参谋长，从天津搭火车出发前往北京保卫使馆。 6月18日河北廊坊附近的董福祥部队的3000名回族甘军及2000名义和团对八国联军的一场 阻击战，导致联军撤回天津
杉山彬之死与西摩尔远征 文久2年2月5日，杉山彬出生。水户藩士之子。入外务省任职后，于明治30年（1897年）到清国 赴任。明治33年（1900年）在义和团运动中，日本驻华公使馆书记生杉山彬于6月11日在北京 被甘军董福祥部所杀，终年39歳。 6月11日，俄、英、美、日、德、法、意、奥八国拼凑2066名（英军915人、德军540人、 俄军312人、法军158人、美军112人、日军54人、义军40人、奥匈军25人）官兵组成联军 先遣队，由英国海军中将西摩尔任司令、美国海军上校麦卡加拉为副司令、俄国上校沃嗄 克任参谋长，从天津搭火车出发前往北京保卫使馆。 6月18日河北廊坊附近的董福祥部队的3000名回族甘军及2000名义和团对八国联军的一场 阻击战，导致联军撤回天津
The march to Peking Seymour commandeered five trains in Tianjin and departed for Beijing with his entire force on the morning of 10 June.The first day the soldiers travelled 25 miles without incident,crossing a bridge at Yancun over the Hai River unopposed,although Chinese Gen.Nie Shicheng and thousands of his soldiers were camped there,Nie's soldiers were "friendly"and did not attack. The next few days went slowly,as Seymour had to repair railroad tracks and fight off Boxer attacks as his trains advanced. On June 14 several hundred Boxers armed with swords,spears and clumsy gingals attacked Seymour twice and killed five Italian soldiers.The Americans counted 102 Boxer bodies left on the battlefield at the end of one battle.Seymour continued to repair tracks and advanced very slowly.Chinese Gen.Nie let Seymour's army slip past in trains,because Ronglu had deliberately issued contradictory orders that left Nie confused.However,the Muslim forces were not "confused",and immediately set out attacking the foreigners
The march to Peking Seymour commandeered five trains in Tianjin and departed for Beijing with his entire force on the morning of 10 June. The first day the soldiers travelled 25 miles without incident, crossing a bridge at Yancun over the Hai River unopposed, although Chinese Gen. Nie Shicheng and thousands of his soldiers were camped there, Nie's soldiers were "friendly" and did not attack. The next few days went slowly, as Seymour had to repair railroad tracks and fight off Boxer attacks as his trains advanced. On June 14 several hundred Boxers armed with swords, spears and clumsy gingals attacked Seymour twice and killed five Italian soldiers. The Americans counted 102 Boxer bodies left on the battlefield at the end of one battle. Seymour continued to repair tracks and advanced very slowly. Chinese Gen. Nie let Seymour's army slip past in trains, because Ronglu had deliberately issued contradictory orders that left Nie confused. However, the Muslim forces were not "confused" , and immediately set out attacking the foreigners
The First Battle with the Boxers On June 11 and June 14,a large force of Boxers armed only with bladed melee weapons directly charged the Alliance troops at Langfang armed with rifles and machine guns in human wave attacks.During clashes at Langfang,Boxers armed with swords and spears charged the British and Americans,who were armed with guns.At point-blank range one British soldier had to fire four bullets into a Boxer before he stopped,and American Capt.Bowman McCalla reported that single rifle shots were not enough:multiple rifle shots were needed to halt a Boxer.Only machine guns were effective in immediately stopping the Boxers. During one of the battles at Langfang,Boxers armed with swords and spears charged the British and Americans,who were armed with modern firearms,the British with.303 Lee-Metford rifles, the Americans with the M1895 Lee Navy.At point-blank range one British soldier had to fire four bullets into a Boxer before he stopped,and American Capt.Bowman McCalla reported that single rifle shots were not enough:multiple rifle shots were needed to halt a Boxer
The First Battle with the Boxers On June 11 and June 14, a large force of Boxers armed only with bladed melee weapons directly charged the Alliance troops at Langfang armed with rifles and machine guns in human wave attacks. During clashes at Langfang, Boxers armed with swords and spears charged the British and Americans, who were armed with guns. At point-blank range one British soldier had to fire four bullets into a Boxer before he stopped, and American Capt. Bowman McCalla reported that single rifle shots were not enough: multiple rifle shots were needed to halt a Boxer. Only machine guns were effective in immediately stopping the Boxers. During one of the battles at Langfang, Boxers armed with swords and spears charged the British and Americans, who were armed with modern firearms, the British with .303 Lee–Metford rifles, the Americans with the M1895 Lee Navy. At point-blank range one British soldier had to fire four bullets into a Boxer before he stopped, and American Capt. Bowman McCalla reported that single rifle shots were not enough: multiple rifle shots were needed to halt a Boxer
The Battle of Langfang On June 18,1900,Dong Fuxiang's troops,stationed at Hunting Park in southern Beijing,attacked at multiple points including LangFang.The forces included 5,000 cavalrymen,armed with modern rifles.They led a force of Hui Muslims,Dongxiang Muslims,and Baoan Muslims in the ambush at Langfang with Ma Fulu personally leading a cavalry charge,cutting down enemy troops with his sword. The Boxers and Dong Fuxiang's army worked together in the joint ambush with the Boxers relentlessly assaulting the Allies head on with human wave attacks displaying "no fear of death"and engaging the Allies in melee combat and putting the Allied troops under severe mental stress by mimicking vigorous gunfire with firecrackers. The Allies however suffered most of their losses at the hands of General Dong's troops,who used their expertise and persistence to engage in "bold and persistent"assaults on the Alliance forces,as remembered by the German Captain Usedom and the right wing of the Germans was almost at the point of collapse under the attack until they were rescued from Langfang by French and British troops,and the Allies then retreated from Langfang in trains full of bullet holes.The foreign troops,especially the Germans,fought off the attack,killing 400 at a loss of seven dead and 57 wounded.The Kansu Braves lost 200 and the Boxers another 200. The Boxers directly and relentlessly charged the allies during the attack,which unnerved them.The need to care for the wounded,a lack of supplies and the likelihood of additional Chinese attacks resulted in Seymour and his officers deciding to retreat to Tientsin
The Battle of Langfang On June 18, 1900, Dong Fuxiang's troops, stationed at Hunting Park in southern Beijing, attacked at multiple points including LangFang. The forces included 5,000 cavalrymen, armed with modern rifles. They led a force of Hui Muslims, Dongxiang Muslims, and Baoan Muslims in the ambush at Langfang with Ma Fulu personally leading a cavalry charge, cutting down enemy troops with his sword. The Boxers and Dong Fuxiang's army worked together in the joint ambush with the Boxers relentlessly assaulting the Allies head on with human wave attacks displaying "no fear of death" and engaging the Allies in melee combat and putting the Allied troops under severe mental stress by mimicking vigorous gunfire with firecrackers. The Allies however suffered most of their losses at the hands of General Dong's troops, who used their expertise and persistence to engage in "bold and persistent" assaults on the Alliance forces, as remembered by the German Captain Usedom and the right wing of the Germans was almost at the point of collapse under the attack until they were rescued from Langfang by French and British troops, and the Allies then retreated from Langfang in trains full of bullet holes. The foreign troops, especially the Germans, fought off the attack, killing 400 at a loss of seven dead and 57 wounded. The Kansu Braves lost 200 and the Boxers another 200. The Boxers directly and relentlessly charged the allies during the attack, which unnerved them. The need to care for the wounded, a lack of supplies and the likelihood of additional Chinese attacks resulted in Seymour and his officers deciding to retreat to Tientsin