应用伦理学 实践项目报告 项目名称:无偿献血问题 项目负责人 刘靖栋 专业:临床医学八年 2012年12月4日星期
应用伦理学 实践项目报告 项目名称：__无偿献血问题__ 项目负责人：______刘靖栋______ 专业：_____临床医学八年_______ 2012 年 12 月 4 日星期二
偿献血伦理问题 目录 项目简介 1项目概况 1.1项目背景 1.2项目目标… 2实践流程 3小组成员与分工 3.1小组成员 3.2小组分工 二实践成果 伦理冲突点一:献血问题中个人利益与集体利益的冲突与选择 23555666 1.1现状调查:“支持献血”不等于“愿意献血” 12典型案例:报名献血但最终未献原因调查 1.3深度剖析:同学们的顾虑从何而来? 14解决措施:从伦理学角度寻找解决办法 2.1公众疑问:献血为何无偿? 2.2追根溯源:《无偿献血法》出台背景 8956679 2伦理冲突点二:献血为何无偿?是否可以物质刺激、有偿献血以满足临床供血?·16 2.3解决措施:从伦理学角度寻找解决办法 3伦理冲突点三:“提倡”是如何演变成“义务”的 3.1现实聚焦:“提倡”变成“义务” 3.2大家看法:大三强制献血是好是坏? 3.3伦理探讨:从伦理学角度分析“强制献血” 4活动总结与升华:校医院献血志愿活动 4.1活动目的 4.2活动流程 4.3活动分析 三采访记录 采访记录1:校医院院长 采访记录2:校医院张医生 采访记录3:上海华山医院血液科陈勤奋医生 采访记录4:丁伟伦同学 采访记录5:连连同学 四问卷调查… 复旦学生无偿献血现状调查 1.1问卷样张
无偿献血伦理问题 1 目 录 一 项目简介·····························································································1 1 项目概况·························································································1 1.1 项目背景·················································································1 1.2 项目目标·················································································2 2 实践流程·························································································3 3 小组成员与分工·················································································5 3.1 小组成员·················································································5 3.2 小组分工·················································································5 二 实践成果·····························································································6 1 伦理冲突点一：献血问题中个人利益与集体利益的冲突与选择·························6 1.1 现状调查：“支持献血”不等于“愿意献血”······································6 1.2 典型案例：报名献血但最终未献原因调查··········································8 1.3 深度剖析：同学们的顾虑从何而来？················································9 1.4 解决措施：从伦理学角度寻找解决办法···········································15 2 伦理冲突点二：献血为何无偿？是否可以物质刺激、有偿献血以满足临床供血？·16 2.1 公众疑问：献血为何无偿？·························································16 2.2 追根溯源：《无偿献血法》出台背景···············································17 2.3 解决措施：从伦理学角度寻找解决办法···········································19 3 伦理冲突点三：“提倡”是如何演变成“义务”的？···································21 3.1 现实聚焦：“提倡”变成“义务”··················································21 3.2 大家看法：大三强制献血是好是坏？··············································21 3.3 伦理探讨：从伦理学角度分析“强制献血”·····································25 4 活动总结与升华：校医院献血志愿活动···················································26 4.1 活动目的···············································································27 4.2 活动流程···············································································27 4.3 活动分析···············································································27 三 采访记录···························································································29 采访记录 1：校医院院长·······································································29 采访记录 2：校医院张医生····································································32 采访记录 3：上海华山医院血液科陈勤奋医生··············································37 采访记录 4：丁伟伦同学·······································································47 采访记录 5：连连同学··········································································50 四 问卷调查···························································································52 1 复旦学生无偿献血现状调查·································································52 1.1 问卷样张···············································································52
偿献血伦理问题 1.2问卷统计 2复旦大学大三学生献血后反馈调查 2.1问卷样张 22问卷统计 五活动图片记录 六小组成员活动感想 1刘靖栋 2蒋捷宇 3白赟彪 4黄子寒 5周雪怡 附录中华人民共和国无偿献血法
无偿献血伦理问题 2 1.2 问卷统计···············································································55 2 复旦大学大三学生献血后反馈调查························································59 2.1 问卷样张···············································································59 2.2 问卷统计···············································································61 五 活动图片记录······················································································64 六 小组成员活动感想················································································69 1 刘靖栋··························································································69 2 蒋捷宇··························································································70 3 白赟彪··························································································72 4 黄子寒··························································································73 5 周雪怡··························································································74 6 帅师·····························································································76 附录 中华人民共和国无偿献血法··································································77
偿献血伦理问题 项目简介 1项目概况 11项目背景 1我国的献血、用血形势 自1998年10月《中华人民共和国献血法》颁布实施至今,经过14年的产生与发展,多 年来我国的血液储备一直在低位运行,各种血型储量不均衡情况时有发生。2005年以前,供 血紧张已经在个别地区出现。2006年-2008年,全国多个省市出现季节性血荒。2009年以来, 血荒在春秋季节频繁出现,个别地方呈现常态化趋势。全国70个大中城市出现“血荒”的己 达47个,“血荒”从此蔓延全国 我国大陆2011年人口献血率只有9‰。世界卫生组织提出,一个国家人口献血率达到 1%-3%的水平,才能基本满足本国临床用血需求。目前,香港和澳门的人口献血率分别为30‰ 和23‰,高收入国家为45.4‰。 在我国的血液供应量以年均13%的速度持续增长的情况下,我国的血库仍然不能完全满 足临床用血需求 2上海市献血、用血形势 由于发达城市的医疗资源集中,外地患者较多,北京、上海等大城市最先感受到临床用 血需求的压力。 在上海,成分献血的临床需求量也随着病患的增加而不断面临压力,临床需求也是从最 初的年6000多袋提升至目前年35000多袋的要求。就2011年1-10月成分献血采集17082单位与 2010年1-10月16349单位相比,同比增长4.48%,比例涨幅虽有提升,但成效不高。2011年 (1-12月)成分献血采集数20626袋,据临床需求仍有差距。以血小板为例,上海市2011
无偿献血伦理问题 1 一 项目简介 1 项目概况 1.1 项目背景 1 我国的献血、用血形势 自1998 年10 月《中华人民共和国献血法》颁布实施至今，经过14年的产生与发展，多 年来我国的血液储备一直在低位运行，各种血型储量不均衡情况时有发生。2005年以前，供 血紧张已经在个别地区出现。2006年-2008年，全国多个省市出现季节性血荒。2009年以来， 血荒在春秋季节频繁出现，个别地方呈现常态化趋势。全国70个大中城市出现“血荒”的已 达47个，“血荒”从此蔓延全国。 我国大陆2011年人口献血率只有9‰。世界卫生组织提出，一个国家人口献血率达到 1%-3%的水平，才能基本满足本国临床用血需求。目前，香港和澳门的人口献血率分别为30‰ 和23‰，高收入国家为45.4‰。 在我国的血液供应量以年均12%的速度持续增长的情况下，我国的血库仍然不能完全满 足临床用血需求。 2 上海市献血、用血形势 由于发达城市的医疗资源集中，外地患者较多，北京、上海等大城市最先感受到临床用 血需求的压力。 在上海，成分献血的临床需求量也随着病患的增加而不断面临压力，临床需求也是从最 初的年6000多袋提升至目前年35000多袋的要求。就2011年1-10月成分献血采集17082单位与 2010年1-10月16349单位相比，同比增长4.48%，比例涨幅虽有提升，但成效不高。2011年 （1—12月）成分献血采集数20626袋，据临床需求仍有差距。以血小板为例，上海市2011
偿献血伦理问题 年共采集血小板20626袋,而临床需求量在4万袋以上 3“提倡”演变成“义务” “国家机关、军队、社会团体、企业事业组织、居民委员会、村民委员会,应当动员和 组织本单位或者居住区的适龄公民参加献血。”1 教委或相关政府机构向各个单位发放献血指标,造成各单位产生类似强制性的义务献血。 无偿献血因为能较好地保障血液质量、体现人道互助的精神,而被全球广泛接受。它的推广, 在很大程度上依赖于社会文明程度的整体提高。我国血液市场长期供不应求,而公民道德水 准的提高又非一日之功,于是有了指标献血这一计划手段。尽管“中标”者可享受不算低的 补贴和休假,完不成指标的单位仍很多,而补贴和假日的付出影响了社会生产的效率 2004年1月1日,成都市取消计划性献血指标:2002年,广州取消高校献血指标。政府已 经逐渐从血液市场收回计划之“手” 复旦每年组织大三学生参加献血,在这过程中有学生对此强烈抵触,发生过一些冲突 很多学生将此视作强制性行为,于是采取各种手段逃避献血 12项目目标 献血问题虽然是个老话题,但是在校园内,尤其是我校大三同学正在进行集体献血的时 候,这个话题又显得非常敏感。我们希望完成对现实生活有指导意义的实践项目,解决身边 的问题,所以结合实际制定了以下目标: 1.发放调査问卷,了解我校学生参与无偿献血的情况、献血原因、以及我校同学对“强制” 无偿献血的看法。 2.采访校医院医生,上海医学院老师,上网搜集文献,了解献血的生理机制,宣传,减少 人们对献血安全性的怀疑 1《中华人民共和国无偿献血法》第六条
无偿献血伦理问题 2 年共采集血小板20626袋，而临床需求量在4万袋以上。 3 “提倡”演变成“义务” “国家机关、军队、社会团体、企业事业组织、居民委员会、村民委员会，应当动员和 组织本单位或者居住区的适龄公民参加献血。”1 教委或相关政府机构向各个单位发放献血指标，造成各单位产生类似强制性的义务献血。 无偿献血因为能较好地保障血液质量、体现人道互助的精神，而被全球广泛接受。它的推广， 在很大程度上依赖于社会文明程度的整体提高。我国血液市场长期供不应求，而公民道德水 准的提高又非一日之功，于是有了指标献血这一计划手段。尽管“中标”者可享受不算低的 补贴和休假，完不成指标的单位仍很多，而补贴和假日的付出影响了社会生产的效率。 2004年1月1日，成都市取消计划性献血指标；2002年，广州取消高校献血指标。政府已 经逐渐从血液市场收回计划之“手”。 复旦每年组织大三学生参加献血，在这过程中有学生对此强烈抵触，发生过一些冲突。 很多学生将此视作强制性行为，于是采取各种手段逃避献血。 1.2 项目目标 献血问题虽然是个老话题，但是在校园内，尤其是我校大三同学正在进行集体献血的时 候，这个话题又显得非常敏感。我们希望完成对现实生活有指导意义的实践项目，解决身边 的问题，所以结合实际制定了以下目标： 1. 发放调查问卷，了解我校学生参与无偿献血的情况、献血原因、以及我校同学对“强制” 无偿献血的看法。 2. 采访校医院医生，上海医学院老师，上网搜集文献，了解献血的生理机制，宣传，减少 人们对献血安全性的怀疑。 1 《中华人民共和国无偿献血法》第六条