Table I Characteristics of PBPs in staphylococcus aureus PBPs Molecular size(kd Functions 05 Primary glycopeptide transferase Transpeptidase react in non growth bacteri pBp Transpeptidase concerned with forming of septum 70 Transpeptidase; concerned with forming of septum PBP-4 Carboxypeptidase and transpeptidase in second stage cross link of glycopepti
Table -1 Characteristics of PBPs in Staphylococcus aureus. PBPs Molecular size (KD) Functions PBP-1 87 Primary glycopeptide transferase PBP-2 50 Transpeptidase; react in non growth bacteria PBP-3 75 Transpeptidase; concerned with forming of septum PBP-3’ 70 Transpeptidase; concerned with forming of septum PBP-4 41 Carboxypeptidase and transpeptidase in second stage cross link of glycopeptide
Bacteria resistance In generally, there are three main mechanism of B-lactam antibiotics resistance a( 1 Nearly all bacteria can produce B- lactamase after contact with B-lactam antibiotics. B-lactamase can inactivate 1- lactam antibiotics through rupture the b lactam ring. Different microorganisms produce a number of distinct B-lactamase
Bacteria Resistance In generally, there are three main mechanism of ß-lactam antibiotics resistance. ◼ (1) Nearly all bacteria can produce β- lactamase after contact with β-lactam antibiotics. β-lactamase can inactivate ß- lactam antibiotics through rupture the ß- lactam ring. Different microorganisms produce a number of distinct β-lactamase
Bacteria resistance a (2) Many bacterial can alter PBPs with decreased affinity for B-lactam antibiotics. This can result in failure of antibiotics binding to active sites ()The concentration of antibiotics in target site is too low because of lacking of porin protein, such us OmpF and ompC I6 nis permeability block is particularly seen in resistance gram-negative bacteria that possess a complex outer layer. Increased active antibiotics efflux which reduce the drug in bacteria is the other reason for low concentration in target site
Bacteria Resistance ◼ (2) Many bacterial can alter PBPs with decreased affinity for ß-lactam antibiotics. This can result in failure of antibiotics binding to active sites. ◼ (3) The concentration of antibiotics in target site is too low because of lacking of porin protein, such us OmpF and OmpC. This permeability block is particularly seen in resistance gram-negative bacteria that possess a complex outer layer. Increased active antibiotics efflux which reduce the drug in bacteria is the other reason for low concentration in target site
Penicillins I Natural penicillins a Benzylpenicillin(Penicillin G) a It is the one of the natural penicillins used clinically and instable in water solution, gastric juice at pH 2
Penicillins ◼ I. Natural penicillins ◼ Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) ◼ It is the one of the natural penicillins used clinically and instable in water solution, gastric juice at pH 2
Structure HH HS CH, RNC—CC cH, penicillin BAH C木NC 0 lactamase COOH Substitued o-aminopenicillianic aci id
Structure