第一章：翻译概述翻译的定义The definition is: Translation is a rendering from one language intoanother, i.e., the faithful representation in onelanguage of what is written or said in anotherlanguageTo be more exact, in Nida's & Tytler's words22
22 The definition is: • Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. • To be more exact, in Nida’s & Tytler’s words 第一章：翻译概述——翻译的定义
第一章：翻译概述翻译的定义美国翻译理论家EugeneA.Nida：: Translating consists in reproducing in thereceptorlanguagethe closestnaturalequivalent of the source-languagemessage, first in terms of meaning andsecondly in terms of style（所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。）23
23 美国翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida： • Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. • （所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又 自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语 义上，其次在文体上。) 第一章：翻译概述——翻译的定义
翻译的定义第一章：翻译概述Alexander Fraser Tytler:A good translation is one which the merit of the originalwork is socompletely transfusedinto anotherlanguageas to beas distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt byanative bof the country to which that language belongs asit is by those who speak the language of the originalwork.好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。（泰特勒，1790)24
24 A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. 好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以 使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同 使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。(泰特勒，1790) Alexander Fraser Tytler: 第一章：翻译概述——翻译的定义
翻译的定义第一章：翻译概述综合各家之长：翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。Translation is anactivity ofreproducing in one languagethe ideas which have been expressed in another language25
25 综合各家之长: • 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以 达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别 是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。 • Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language. 第一章：翻译概述——翻译的定义
第一章：翻译概述翻译的分类2. Scope of Translation1.按语言分类：语内翻译（intralingualtranslation）语际翻译（interlingualtranslation)1.in terms oflanguages:2.按活动形式分类：笔译（translation）译（oralinterpretation）2.in terms of the mode:连续传译（consecutivetranslation）和同声传译（simultaneoustranslation）3.in terms of materials to be translated:4.in terms of disposal: (full-text translation)abridged translation, adapted translation)3.按翻译材料的文体分类：应用文体翻译科技文体翻译论述文体翻译新闻文体翻译艺术文体翻译4.按处理方式分类：全译节译摘译编译译述26
26 2. Scope of Translation 1. in terms of languages: 2. in terms of the mode: 3. in terms of materials to be translated: 4. in terms of disposal: (full-text translation, abridged translation, adapted translation) 第一章：翻译概述——翻译的分类 1.按语言分类： 语内翻译（intralingual translation）语际翻译 （interlingual translation） 2. 按活动形式分类： 笔译（translation） 口译（oral interpretation）： 连续传译（consecutive translation） 和同声传译（simultaneous translation） 3. 按翻译材料的文体分类： 应用文体翻译 科技文体翻译 论述文体翻译新闻文体翻译 艺术文体翻译 4. 按处理方式分类：全译 节译 摘译 编译 译述