Pulmonary semilunar valve stenosis pulmonary artery stenosIs superior vena cava Left onary anery artery Pulmonary trunk Left atrium -sht atrium Left pu Bicuspid (mitral)valve Aortic semilunar valve Left ventricle Right ventricle Papillary muscle Interventricular plum
Pulmonary semilunar valve stenosis pulmonary artery stenosis
(B)Volume overload (increased preload) Preload is the stretch exerted on the muscle in the resting state. (diastolic phase
(B) Volume overload (increased preload): Preload is the stretch exerted on the muscle in the resting state. (diastolic phase.)
Reasons of increased volume overload for left ventricle. (a) mitral regurgitation (b) aortic regurgitation
Reasons of increased volume overload for left ventricle: (a) mitral regurgitation (b) aortic regurgitation
Reasons of the volume overload for right ventricle (a)tricuspid regurgitation (b)pulmonary regurgitation
Reasons of the volume overload for right ventricle: (a) tricuspid regurgitation (b) pulmonary regurgitation
(c) interatrial septal defect, if the direction of blood shunt in atrial septal is from left to right. y aorta Foramen ovale fails to close (c) Interatrial septal defect
(c) interatrial septal defect, if the direction of blood shunt in atrial septal is from left to right