2。 Causes (Etiological causes (2) The precipitating causes
2. Causes (1) Etiological causes (2) The precipitating causes
Determinants of cardiac function contractility preload afterload Stroke Volume Heart rate Cardiac output
contractility preload afterload Stroke Volume Cardiac output Heart rate Determinants of cardiac function
( Etiological causes 1) Dysfunction of myocardium (A) Myocardial damage myocardial infarction Cardiomyopathy Myocarditis (B)Metabolic disturbance ischemia and hypoxia briber
(1) Etiological causes 1) Dysfunction of myocardium (A) Myocardial damage: myocardial infarction; Cardiomyopathy; Myocarditis (B) Metabolic disturbance ischemia and hypoxia; beriberi
2)Overload for myocardium (A)Pressure overload (increased afterload) (Afterload is the resistance to shortening that the muscle must overcome during contraction. o systemic hypertension ◆ aortic stenosis pulmonary hypertension pulmonary artery stenosis
2) Overload for myocardium (A)Pressure overload (increased afterload): (Afterload is the resistance to shortening that the muscle must overcome during contraction.) systemic hypertension aortic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery stenosis
Aortic semilunar valve stenosis aortic narrow Narrow segment of aorta lal Coarctation of the aorta
Aortic semilunar valve stenosis aortic narrow