Section I Basic Principles Introduction Total hours required- 2 Total Classes required Days of Study Mor Peri l of Study Week 1&2-First semester Lecture 1 Class I i.How to define pharmacology ii.The Nature of Drugs a.The Physical Nature of Drugs b.Drug Size c.Drug Reactivity and Drug-Receptor Bonds d.Drug Shape e.Rational Drug Design iii.Drug-Body Interaction iv. Ph armacody amic Principle a.Types of Drug-Receptor Interactions b.Agonists That Inhibit Their Binding Molecules and Partial Agonists c.Duration of Drug Action d.Receptors and Inert Binding Sites v.Pharmacokinetic Principles a.Permeation 1.Aqueous diffusion ii.Lipid diffusion ii.Special carriers iv.Endocytosis and Exocytosis b.Fick's Law of Diffusion c.Ionization of Weak Acids and Weak Bases;the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Drug Receptors Pharmacodynamics Total hours required= 6 Total Classes required Days of Study Tue,Wed Period of Study Week 3&4-First semester a.Lecture 1 Class IⅡ i.What is the receptor? ii.Macromolecule nature of drug recaptor
Section I Basic Principles Introduction Total hours required = 2 Total Classes required = 1 Days of Study = Mon Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester Lecture 1 Class I i. How to define pharmacology ii. The Nature of Drugs a. The Physical Nature of Drugs b. Drug Size c. Drug Reactivity and Drug-Receptor Bonds d. Drug Shape e. Rational Drug Design iii. Drug-Body Interaction iv. Pharmacodynamic Principles a. Types of Drug-Receptor Interactions b. Agonists That Inhibit Their Binding Molecules and Partial Agonists c. Duration of Drug Action d. Receptors and Inert Binding Sites v. Pharmacokinetic Principles a. Permeation i. Aqueous diffusion ii. Lipid diffusion iii. Special carriers iv. Endocytosis and Exocytosis b. Fick’s Law of Diffusion c. Ionization of Weak Acids and Weak Bases; the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Drug Receptors & Pharmacodynamics Total hours required = 6 Total Classes required = 3 Days of Study = Tue, Wed Period of Study = Week 3&4 –First semester a. Lecture 1 Class II i. What is the receptor? ii. Macromolecule nature of drug recaptor
iii.Relation between drug concentration response a.Concentration-Effect Curves Receptor Binding of Agonists b.Receptor-Effector Coupling&Spare Receptors c.Competitive Irreversible Antagonists d.Partial Agonists e.Other Mechanisms of Drug Antagonism b.Lecture 2 Class III i.Signaling mechanismsdrug action ntracellular receptors for lipid-soluble agents b. Ligand-regulated transmembrane enzymes including recaptor tyrosine kinases c.Cytokine recaptors d.Ligand-gated channels e.Receptor regulateon c.Lecture 3 Class IV i.Relation between drug dose clinical response a.Dose Response in Patients b.Graded Do Re sponse Relation c.Shape of Dose-Response Curves d.Quantal Dose-Effect Curves ii.Variation in Drug Responsiveness a. Alteration in Concentration of Drug That Reaches the Receptor b.Variation in Concentration of an Endogenous Receptor ligand c.Alteration in Number or Function of Receptors d.Changes in Components of Response Distal to Receptor iii.Clinical Selectivity:Beneficial Versus Toxic Effects of Drugs a.Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by the Same Receptor-Effector Mechanism b.Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by Identical Receptors but in Different Tissues or by Different Effector Pathways c Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by Different Types of Receptors Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics:
iii. Relation between drug concentration & response a. Concentration-Effect Curves & Receptor Binding of Agonists b. Receptor-Effector Coupling & Spare Receptors c. Competitive & Irreversible Antagonists d. Partial Agonists e. Other Mechanisms of Drug Antagonism b. Lecture 2 Class III i. Signaling mechanisms & drug action a. Intracellular receptors for lipid-soluble agents b. Ligand-regulated transmembrane enzymes including recaptor tyrosine kinases c. Cytokine recaptors d. Ligand-gated channels e. Receptor regulateon c. Lecture 3 Class IV i. Relation between drug dose & clinical response a. Dose & Response in Patients b. Graded Dose-Response Relation c. Shape of Dose-Response Curves d. Quantal Dose-Effect Curves ii. Variation in Drug Responsiveness a. Alteration in Concentration of Drug That Reaches the Receptor b. Variation in Concentration of an Endogenous Receptor ligand c. Alteration in Number or Function of Receptors d. Changes in Components of Response Distal to Receptor iii. Clinical Selectivity: Beneficial Versus Toxic Effects of Drugs a. Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by the Same Receptor-Effector Mechanism b. Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by Identical Receptors but in Different Tissues or by Different Effector Pathways c. Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by Different Types of Receptors Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics:
Rational Dosing the Time Course of Drug Action Total hours required 6 Total Classes required= Days of Study Thu Period ofStudy Week 1&2-First semester a.Lecture 1 Class V i.PHARMACOKINETICS a.Volume of Distribution b.Clearance i.Capacity-Limited Elimination ii.Flow-Dependent Elimination c.Half-Life d.Drug Accumulation b.Lecture 2 Clas s V i.PHARMACOKINETICS e.Bioavailability i.Extent of Absorption ii.First-Pass Elimination iii.Rate of Absorption f.Extraction Ratio the First-Pass Effect g.Alternative Route of Administration the First-Pass Effect ii.THE TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECT a.Immediate Effects b.Delayed Effects c.Cumulative Effects iii.THE TARGET CONCENTRATION APPROACH TO N G A RATIONAL DOSAGE REGIMEN a.Maintenance Dose b.Loading Dose c.Lecture3 Class VⅢ i..THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING:RELATING PHARMACOKINETICS OPHARMACODYNAMICS a.Pharmacokinetic Variables i.Absorption
Rational Dosing & the Time Course of Drug Action Total hours required = 6 Total Classes required = 3 Days of Study = Thu Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester a. Lecture 1 Class V i. PHARMACOKINETICS a. Volume of Distribution b. Clearance i. Capacity-Limited Elimination ii. Flow-Dependent Elimination c. Half-Life d. Drug Accumulation b. Lecture 2 Class VI i. PHARMACOKINETICS e. Bioavailability i. Extent of Absorption ii. First-Pass Elimination iii. Rate of Absorption f. Extraction Ratio & the First-Pass Effect g. Alternative Route of Administration & the First-Pass Effect ii. THE TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECT a. Immediate Effects b. Delayed Effects c. Cumulative Effects iii. THE TARGET CONCENTRATION APPROACH TO D E S I G N I N G A RATIONAL DOSAGE REGIMEN a. Maintenance Dose b. Loading Dose c. Lecture 3 Class VII i.. THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING: RELATING PHARMACOKINETICS & OPHARMACODYNAMICS a. Pharmacokinetic Variables i. Absorption
ii.Clearance iii.Volume of Distribution iy Half-Life b.Pharmacodynamic Variables i.Maximum effect ii.Sensitivity ii.INTERPRETATION OF DRUG CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS a.Clearance i.Albumin Concentration 甚&md c n me ein Concentration b.Timing of Samples for Concentration Measurement c.Initial Predictions of Volume of Distribution& Clearance i.Volume of Distribution ii.Clearance d.Revising Individual Estimates of Volume of Distribution Clearance Drug Biotransformation Total hours required= 4 Total Classes required= Days of Study Fri Mon Period of Study Week 1&2-First semester a.Lecture 1 Class VIII i.WHY IS DRUG BIOTRANSFORMATION NECESSARY? ii.THE ROLE OF BIOTRANSFORMATIONIN DRUG DISPOSITION iii.WHERE DO DRUG BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OCCUR? iv.MICROSOMAL MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASE SYST E M & PH ASE REACTIONS a.Enzyme Induction b.Enzyme Inhibition v.PHASEII REACTIONS b.Lecture 2 Class IX
ii. Clearance iii. Volume of Distribution iv. Half-Life b. Pharmacodynamic Variables i. Maximum effect ii. Sensitivity ii. INTERPRETATION OF DRUG CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS a. Clearance i. Albumin Concentration ii. α1-Acid Glycoprotein Concentration iii. Capacity-Limited Protein Binding b. Timing of Samples for Concentration Measurement c. Initial Predictions of Volume of Distribution & Clearance i. Volume of Distribution ii. Clearance d. Revising Individual Estimates of Volume of Distribution & Clearance Drug Biotransformation Total hours required = 4 Total Classes required = 2 Days of Study = Fri, Mon Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester a. Lecture 1 Class VIII i. WHY IS DRUG BIOTRANSFORMATION NECESSARY? ii. THE ROLE OF BIOTRANSFORMATION IN DRUG DISPOSITION iii. WHERE DO DRUG BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OCCUR? iv. MICROSOMAL MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASE S Y S T E M & P H A S E I REACTIONS a. Enzyme Induction b. Enzyme Inhibition v. PHASE II REACTIONS b. Lecture 2 Class IX
i.METABOLISMOF DRUGS TO TOXIC PRODUCTS ii.CLINICAL RELEVANCE OFDRUG METABOLISM a. Individual Differences b.Genetic Factors c.Diet Environmental Factors d Age Sex e.Drug-Drug Interactions During Metabolism f.Interactions Between Drugs Endogenous Compounds Section I Autonomic Drugs Introduction To Autonomic Pharmacology Total hours required 2 Total Classes required= Davs of Study Mon Period of Study Week 1&2-First semester Lecture 1 Class X Introduction to nervous system ii Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system a.Autonomic nervous system b.Somatic System iii. The anatomic classification of the autonomic system a.Parasympathetic Sympathetic iv.The classification of autonomic system based on the primary transmitter a.Cholinergic fibers b.Noradrenergic fibers(also c.non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic nerve v.The constitution of synapse a.Presynaptic membrane b.Svnaptic cleft c.Postsynaptic membrane vi.Neurotrasmitter chemistry system a.Cholinergic transmission b.Adrenergic transmission: vii.Autonomic receptors a.The classification of autonomic receptors(cholinoceptors. adrenoceptors) b.Locations of autonomic receptors: viii.Functional organization of autonomic activity
i. METABOLISM OF DRUGS TO TOXIC PRODUCTS ii. CLINICAL RELEVANCE OFDRUG METABOLISM a. Individual Differences b. Genetic Factors c. Diet & Environmental Factors d. Age & Sex e. Drug-Drug Interactions During Metabolism f. Interactions Between Drugs & Endogenous Compounds Section II Autonomic Drugs Introduction To Autonomic Pharmacology Total hours required = 2 Total Classes required = 1 Days of Study = Mon Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester Lecture 1 Class X i. Introduction to nervous system ii. Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system a. Autonomic nervous system b. Somatic System iii. The anatomic classification of the autonomic System a. Parasympathetic b. Sympathetic iv. The classification of autonomic system based on the primary transmitter a.Cholinergic fibers b.Noradrenergic fibers(also c.non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic nerve v. The constitution of synapse a.Presynaptic membrane b.Synaptic cleft c.Postsynaptic membrane vi. Neurotrasmitter chemistry of the autonomic system a.Cholinergic transmission b.Adrenergic transmission: vii. Autonomic receptors a.The classification of autonomic receptors(cholinoceptors, adrenoceptors) b.Locations of autonomic receptors: viii. Functional organization of autonomic activity