11 12 实时系统定义 fimctionality implementation stressing on Real-Time timing constraints Reactive stressing on Embedded hardware constraints Donald Gillies,1991~1992 一个实时系统是指计算的正确性不仅取决于程序的逻辑正确性,也 取决于结果产生的时间。 value domain,temporal domain 一条件一:必须在规定的时间范围内(环境时间)正确地响应外部物理过 程的变化。 一条件二:任务的执行时间可以根据系统的软硬件信息进行确定性预测。 Running faster is good,but does not guarantee a correct behavior
实时系统定义 • Donald Gillies,1991~1992 – 一个实时系统是指计算的正确性不仅取决于程序的逻辑正确性,也 取决于结果产生的时间。 • value domain,temporal domain – 条件一:必须在规定的时间范围内(环境时间)正确地响应外部物理过 程的变化。 – 条件二:任务的执行时间可以根据系统的软硬件信息进行确定性预测。 • Running faster is good, but does not guarantee a correct behavior
Release time,Deadline,WCET WCRT tobservation tresponse treaction Arrival Release Completion (invocation) processing system sensor actuator Time tasks Jitter Execution scheduler wcet messages Response Time Static analysis Measurements gives safe might miss the timing values! longest time! possible program execution times time
Release time, Deadline, WCET & WCRT
-1 Reference ex Embedded Uk A/D Inputs Converter Control Laws r(t) y A/D D/A Converter Control System Converter y u(t) Outputs y() Flow meter Valve Controlled System pipe tobservation tresponse processing system sensor actuator tasks scheduler wcet messages
Hierarchical control Time Budget visual-based navigation 100m5 obstacle object avoidance recognition 10ms visual vehicle tracking control 20 ms 5m5 feature extraction motor motor motor motor control control control control 1 ms 1ms camera pan tilt US1 US2 mot dx mot sx
Hierarchical control & Time Budget
硬实时vs.软实时:deadline! 。 硬实时 -超过时限完成任务没有意义(incorrect) ·软实时 -超过时限完成对任务有一定影响(degraded) 实践中,与系统的时间精度有关 典型的,软实时任务的调度精度毫秒级,硬实时微秒级。 Figure 1:The real-time spectrum Non- Soft Hard real time real time real time Computer User Internet Cruise Tele. Flight Electronic simulation interface video control communications control engine llxx@ustc.edu.cn 10/87
硬实时vs.软实时:deadline! • 硬实时 – 超过时限完成任务没有意义(incorrect) • 软实时 – 超过时限完成对任务有一定影响(degraded) • 实践中,与系统的时间精度有关 – 典型的,软实时任务的调度精度毫秒级,硬实时微秒级。 llxx@ustc.edu.cn 10/87