The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena" Hendrik AntoorLorentz Pieter Zeeman 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize the Netherlands the Netherlands Leiden University Amsterdam University Leiden,the Netherlands Amsterdam,the Netherlands b.1853 b.1865 d.1928 d.1943
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena" Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Pieter Zeeman 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize the Netherlands the Netherlands Leiden University Leiden, the Netherlands Amsterdam University Amsterdam, the Netherlands b. 1853 d. 1928 b. 1865 d. 1943
塞曼效应就是原子磁矩与外磁场发生相互作用,导致了原 子能级和原子光谱线的分裂现象。 弱磁场中: U=-正1·B=-4EB U=m1gjMgB E=EJ +mjgjMgB 无外磁场(B→0)时,此2J+1个态简并 有外磁场时,能级分裂为2J+1条 m,:磁量子数
塞曼效应就是原子磁矩与外磁场发生相互作用,导致了原 子能级和原子光谱线的分裂现象。 U BB J Jz 弱磁场中: U mg B JJB ' EJ J JJB E mg B 无外磁场(B 0)时,此2J+1 个态简并 有外磁场时,能级分裂为2J+1 条 m J :磁量子数
0 hv=E),-E -1 =(E-E,)+(m,82-m,8)4B =h,+(m,82-m,8)4gB 11-(m8:-m3H,5-(m8a-m,8)天 元10 hc eB 0 R=LgB 洛伦兹单位 1/B hc 4πm.c ⊥B B=1T时,£=0.466cm-1 πy兀:y % 磁量子数选择定则:△m=m,-m=0,±1(当△J=0,050)
1 0 -1 1 EJ 2 EJ mJ 0 0 0 B / / B σ σ πy πy πz 1 0 -1 1 EJ 2 EJ mJ 0 0 0 B / / B σ σ πy πy πz 2 1 21 2 1 2 1 ' ' 2 1 0 21 J J JJ J J B J JB hEE E E mg mg B h mg mg B 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 1 J JB J J mg mg B mg mg hc L L 4 B e B eB hc m c 洛伦兹单位 B=1T时,£=0.466 cm-1 磁量子数选择定则: 2 1 0, 1 mm m J J (当 ) J 0,0 0
塞曼效应的发射光谱具有偏振特性 E k 右旋0 左旋o 光子具有自旋,其自旋量子数 S=1,Sz=士1 光子的自旋本征态
塞曼效应的发射光谱具有偏振特性 S k S k 右旋 左旋 + S k S k 右旋 左旋 + 光子的自旋本征态 光子具有自旋,其自旋量子数 S=1 , S z = ± 1
(a) (b) M=1 左旋o+ M!K 右旋σ E -y M=0 M=0
S k 左旋 MJ=1 + MJ=0 B ( a ) z -y x k E S k 左旋 MJ=1 + MJ=0 B ( a ) z -y x k E S k 右旋 MJ=-1 MJ=0 ( b ) k E S k 右旋 MJ=-1 MJ=0 ( b ) k E