Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restore and protect our waters Tables Table 1-1. Relationship of Chapters to the Watershed Planning Process 1-4 Table 2-1. Top Ten 303(d) List Impairments in the United States(August 1, 2005) 2-8 Table 2-2. Summary of Common Pollutants and Sources Table 4-1. Coal Creek Sediment Loading Indicators and Target Values 4-9 Table 4-2. Use of Indicators Throughout the Watershed Planning and Implementation Process 4-10 Table 4-3. Example Environmental Indicators Used to Identify Relationships Between Pollutant Sources and Environmental conditions 4-12 Table 4-4. Example Indicators Used throughout Watershed Plan Development and Implementation 4-15 Table 4-5. Examples of Performance Indicators That Can Be Used to Develop Targets to Measure Progress in Meeting Watershed Goals 4-16 Table 5-1. Data Typically Used for Watershed Characterization 5-8 Table 5-2. Sources of Gis Data Available on the internet Table 5-3. Sample Costs for Purchasing Remote Sensing Products Table 6-1. Sources and associated pollutants 6-21 Table 7-1. Examples of the Types of Data-related Activities Conducted Throughout the Watershed Planning process 7-3 Table 7-2. Examples of the Level of Detail and Effort for Typical Types of Data Table 8-1. Example Approaches Used for Estimating Watershed Loads Table 8-2. Various Levels of Detail for Simulating Runoff 8-14 Table 8-3. Levels of Detail in Watershed Models Table 8-4. Overview of Several Available Watershed Models 8-18 Table 8-5. Water Quality Endpoints Supported by the Selected Watershed Models 8-27 Table 8-6. Land and Water Features Supported by the Selected Watershed Models 8-28 Table 8-7. Application Considerations of the Selected Watershed Models 8-29 Table 8-8. Typical Data Needs for Example Models 8-30 Table 8-9. Examples of Number and Size of Subwatersheds in Modeling Applications 8-31 Table 8-10. Example Land Use Categories for Watershed Models 8-32 Table &-11 Typical Calibration Options for Selected Example Models 8-36 Table 8-12. Typical Loading Presentation Categories and Types Table 9-2. Examples of Indicators and Targets to Meet Management Objectdge Table 9-1. Sample Goals Linked to the Sources and Impacts to Define Management Objectives Table 9-3. Example Approaches for Linking Indicators and Sources 9-6 Table 9-4. Overview of Various Receiving Water Models Table 9-5. Examples of Different Scenarios to Meet the Same Load Target 9-13 Table 10-1. Examples of Structural and Nonstructural Management Practices 0-5 Table 10-2. Existing Programs and Policies Identified in the mill Creek Subwatershed Communities 10-12 Table 10-3. Commonly Used Management Practices for Salinity, Sediment, and Total Dissolved Solids 10-17 Table 10-4. Example Management Practice Screening Matrix 10-20 Table 10-5. Example Ranking Table to Identify Candidate Management Practices 10-23
Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restore and Protect Our Waters Contents Draft ix Tables Table 1-1. Relationship of Chapters to the Watershed Planning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Table 2-1. Top Ten 303(d) List Impairments in the United States (August 1, 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Table 2-2. Summary of Common Pollutants and Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Table 4-1. Coal Creek Sediment Loading Indicators and Target Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 Table 4-2. Use of Indicators Throughout the Watershed Planning and Implementation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Table 4-3. Example Environmental Indicators Used to Identify Relationships Between Pollutant Sources and Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Table 4-4. Example Indicators Used throughout Watershed Plan Development and Implementation . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Table 4-5. Examples of Performance Indicators That Can Be Used to Develop Targets to Measure Progress in Meeting Watershed Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Table 5-1. Data Typically Used for Watershed Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 Table 5-2. Sources of GIS Data Available on the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41 Table 5-3. Sample Costs for Purchasing Remote Sensing Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50 Table 6-1. Sources and Associated Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 Table 7-1. Examples of the Types of Data-related Activities Conducted Throughout the Watershed Planning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 Table 7-2. Examples of the Level of Detail and Effort for Typical Types of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 Table 8-1. Example Approaches Used for Estimating Watershed Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 Table 8-2. Various Levels of Detail for Simulating Runoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14 Table 8-3. Levels of Detail in Watershed Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14 Table 8-4. Overview of Several Available Watershed Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18 Table 8-5. Water Quality Endpoints Supported by the Selected Watershed Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27 Table 8-6. Land and Water Features Supported by the Selected Watershed Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28 Table 8-7. Application Considerations of the Selected Watershed Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29 Table 8-8. Typical Data Needs for Example Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30 Table 8-9. Examples of Number and Size of Subwatersheds in Modeling Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31 Table 8-10. Example Land Use Categories for Watershed Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32 Table 8-11. Typical Calibration Options for Selected Example Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36 Table 8-12. Typical Loading Presentation Categories and Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-39 Table 9-1. Sample Goals Linked to the Sources and Impacts to Define Management Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3 Table 9-2. Examples of Indicators and Targets to Meet Management Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5 Table 9-3. Example Approaches for Linking Indicators and Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6 Table 9-4. Overview of Various Receiving Water Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11 Table 9-5. Examples of Different Scenarios to Meet the Same Load Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13 Table 10-1. Examples of Structural and Nonstructural Management Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5 Table 10-2. Existing Programs and Policies Identified in the Mill Creek Subwatershed Communities . . . . . . . . . 10-12 Table 10-3. Commonly Used Management Practices for Salinity, Sediment, and Total Dissolved Solids . . . . . . 10-17 Table 10-4. Example Management Practice Screening Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20 Table 10-5. Example Ranking Table to Identify Candidate Management Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
Contents Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restore and Protect our waters Table 11-1. Summary of Management Practice Representation Capabilities of the Selected Models Table 11-2. Summary of Management Practice Simulation Techniques of the Selected Models l1-12 Table 11-3. Data Needs for Management Strategy Modeling l1-14 Table 11-4. Summary of Other Specialized Models for Management Analysis l1-16 Table 11-5. Considerations for Applying Management Practice Unit Cost Measures 11-27 Table 11-6. Example of Discounting Management Practice Cost for Comparison Purposes l1-31 Table 11-7. Selected Management Techniques for the Muddy Creek Subwatershed, Virgin River TMDL 11-37 Table 11-8. Summary of Load Reduction Requirements and Expected Removal Efficiencies for Selected Management Practices: Muddy Creek Subwatershed 11-37 Table 12-1. Example Indicators to Measure Progress in Reducing Pollutant Loads Table 12-2. Annualized Cost Estimates for Selected Management Practices from Chesapeake Bay Installations Table 13-1. Comparison of Example Parameters in a Hypothetical Watershed Plan and 319 Work Plan 13-5
Contents Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restore and Protect Our Waters x Draft Table 11-1. Summary of Management Practice Representation Capabilities of the Selected Models . . . . . . . . . 11-11 Table 11-2. Summary of Management Practice Simulation Techniques of the Selected Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12 Table 11-3. Data Needs for Management Strategy Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14 Table 11-4. Summary of Other Specialized Models for Management Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16 Table 11-5. Considerations for Applying Management Practice Unit Cost Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-27 Table 11-6. Example of Discounting Management Practice Cost for Comparison Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31 Table 11-7. Selected Management Techniques for the Muddy Creek Subwatershed, Virgin River TMDL Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-37 Table 11-8. Summary of Load Reduction Requirements and Expected Removal Efficiencies for Selected Management Practices: Muddy Creek Subwatershed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-37 Table 12-1. Example Indicators to Measure Progress in Reducing Pollutant Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11 Table 12-2. Annualized Cost Estimates for Selected Management Practices from Chesapeake Bay Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-20 Table 13-1. Comparison of Example Parameters in a Hypothetical Watershed Plan and 319 Work Plan . . . . . . . 13-5
Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restore and protect our waters Acronyms and Abbreviations There are dozens of acronyms and abbreviations used throughout this handbook. Refer back to this list to help you navigate through the alphabet soup. ADB: Assessment Database ADID: advance identification AFO: animal feeding operation AGNPS: Agricultural Non-Point Source model AnnAGNPS: Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source model AIEO: American indian Environmental office ARS: Agricultural Research Service ASIWPCA: Association of state and Interstate Water Pollution control administrators AU: assessment unit AVIRIS: airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer AVS: acid-volatile sulfide BASINS: Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources BEACH: Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health BEHI: Bank Erosion Hazard Index BLM: [U.S. ]Bureau of Land Management BOR: [U.S. ]Bureau of Reclamation CADDIS: Causal Analysis/ Diagnosis Decision Information System CAEDYM: Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics Model CAFO: concentrated animal feeding operation CBOD: carbonaceous biological oxygen demand C-CAP: Coastal Change Analysis Program CCMP: comprehensive conservation and management plan cfs: cubic feet per second CH3D-IMS: Curvilinear-grid Hydrodynamics 3D- Integrated Modeling System CH3D-SED: Curvilinear Hydrodynamics 3D--Sediment Transport C CNE: curve number equation CNMP: conservation nutrient management plan COD: chemical oxygen demand CRC: Cooperative Research Center CREM: Council for Regulatory Environmental Modeling CREP: Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program CRM: crop residue management CRP: Conservation Reserve Program CSC: Coastal Services Center CSO: combined sewer overflow CSP: Conservation Security Program
Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restore and Protect Our Waters Acronyms Draft xi Acronyms and Abbreviations There are dozens of acronyms and abbreviations used throughout this handbook. Refer back to this list to help you navigate through the alphabet soup. ADB: Assessment Database ADID: advance identification AFO: animal feeding operation AGNPS: Agricultural Non-Point Source model AnnAGNPS: Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source model AIEO: American Indian Environmental Office ARS: Agricultural Research Service ASIWPCA: Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators AU: assessment unit AVIRIS: airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer AVS: acid-volatile sulfide BASINS: Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources BEACH: Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health BEHI: Bank Erosion Hazard Index BLM: [U.S.] Bureau of Land Management BMP: best management practice BOR: [U.S.] Bureau of Reclamation CADDIS: Causal Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System CAEDYM: Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics Model CAFO: concentrated animal feeding operation CBOD: carbonaceous biological oxygen demand C-CAP: Coastal Change Analysis Program CCMP: comprehensive conservation and management plan cfs: cubic feet per second CH3D-IMS: Curvilinear-grid Hydrodynamics 3D— Integrated Modeling System CH3D-SED: Curvilinear Hydrodynamics 3D—Sediment Transport CN: curve number CNE: curve number equation CNMP: conservation nutrient management plan COD: chemical oxygen demand CRC: Cooperative Research Center CREM: Council for Regulatory Environmental Modeling CREP: Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program CRM: crop residue management CRP: Conservation Reserve Program CSC: Coastal Services Center CSO: combined sewer overflow CSP: Conservation Security Program
Acronyms Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans CSREES: Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service CSTR: continuously stirred tank reactor CTG: composite theme grid CTIC: Center for Technology Information Center CWA: Clean Water Act CZARA: Coastal Zone Act reauthorization Amendments DEM: digital elevation model DIAS/IDLMAS: Dynamic Information Architecture System/Integrated Dynamic Landscape Analysis and Modeling System DLG: digital line graphs DO: dissolved oxygen DOl: [U.S. ]Department of the Interior DOT: [U.S. ]Department of Transportation DQO: data quality objective DRG: digital raster graphic ECOMSED: Estuary and Coastal Ocean Model with Sediment Transport EDAS: Ecological Data Application System EDNA: Elevation Derivatives for National Application EFDC: Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code EMAP: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program EMC: event mean concentration EPA: [U.S. ]Environmental Protection Agency EPIC: Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator EQIP: Environmental Quality Incentives Program ESA: Endangered Species Act ETM: enhanced thematic mapper FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency FGDC: Federal Geographic Data Committee FHWA: Federal Highway Administration FSA: Farm Service Agency GAP: Gap Analysis Project GIRAS: Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System GIS: geographic information system PLM: GIS-Based Phosphorus Loading Model GLEAMS: Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems GLLVHT: Generalized, Longitudinal-Lateral-Vertical Hydrodynamic and Transport GPS: global positioning system GRP: Grasslands Reserve Program GSSHA: Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions HCP: habitat conservation plan HEC-6: Hydraulic Engineering Center-Scour and Deposition in Rivers and Reservoirs HEC-6T: Hydraulic Engineering Center-Sedimentation in Stream Networks
Acronyms Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restore and Protect Our Waters xii Draft CSREES: Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service CSTR: continuously stirred tank reactor CTG: composite theme grid CTIC: Center for Technology Information Center CWA: Clean Water Act CZARA: Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments DEM: digital elevation model DIAS/IDLMAS: Dynamic Information Architecture System/Integrated Dynamic Landscape Analysis and Modeling System DLG: digital line graphs DO: dissolved oxygen DOI: [U.S.] Department of the Interior DOT: [U.S.] Department of Transportation DQO: data quality objective DRG: digital raster graphic ECOMSED: Estuary and Coastal Ocean Model with Sediment Transport EDAS: Ecological Data Application System EDNA: Elevation Derivatives for National Application EFDC: Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code EMAP: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program EMC: event mean concentration EPA: [U.S.] Environmental Protection Agency EPIC: Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator EQIP: Environmental Quality Incentives Program ESA: Endangered Species Act ETM: enhanced thematic mapper FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency FGDC: Federal Geographic Data Committee FHWA: Federal Highway Administration FSA: Farm Service Agency GAP: Gap Analysis Project GIRAS: Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System GIS: geographic information system GISPLM: GIS-Based Phosphorus Loading Model GLEAMS: Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems GLLVHT: Generalized, Longitudinal-Lateral-Vertical Hydrodynamic and Transport GPS: global positioning system GRP: Grasslands Reserve Program GSSHA: Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis GWLF: Generalized Watershed Loading Functions HBI: Hilsenhoff Biotic Index HCP: habitat conservation plan HEC-6: Hydraulic Engineering Center-Scour and Deposition in Rivers and Reservoirs HEC-6T: Hydraulic Engineering Center-Sedimentation in Stream Networks
Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restore and protect our waters A HEC-HMS: Hydraulic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-RAS: Hydraulic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System HSCTM-2D: Hydrodynamic, Sediment and Contaminant Transport Model HSPF: Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran HUC: hydrologic unit code IBl: index of biotic integrity IDEAL: Integrated Design and Evaluation Assessment of Loadings IMP: integrated management practices IPM: integrated pest management kg/halyr: kilograms per hectare per year kglyr: kilograms per year KINEROS2: Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model. v2 lbld: pounds per day LID: low impact development LIDAR: light detection and ranging LSPC: Loading Simulation Program in C++ LULC: land use/land cover MDC: minimal detectable change mg/L: milligrams per liter MINTEQA2: Metal Speciation Equilibrium Model for Surface and Ground Water MQO: measurement quality objective MRLC: Multi-resolution Land Characteristics MS4: municipal separate storm sewer systems MSGP: multi-sector general permit MUIR: map unit interpretation record MUSIC: Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization MVUE: Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NAWQA: National Water-Quality Assessment NCDC: National Climatic Data Center NDVI: normalized difference vegetation index D: National Elevation NEIPCC: New England Interstate Pollution Control Commission NEMI: National Environmental methods Index NEP: National Estuary Program NGO: non-governmental organization NHD: National Hydrography Dataset NIR: near-infrared NLCD: National land cover dataset NLFA: National Listing of Fish Advisories NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restore and Protect Our Waters Acronyms Draft xiii HEC-HMS: Hydraulic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-RAS: Hydraulic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System HSCTM-2D: Hydrodynamic, Sediment and Contaminant Transport Model HSPF: Hydrologic Simulation Program–Fortran HUC: hydrologic unit code IBI: index of biotic integrity IDEAL: Integrated Design and Evaluation Assessment of Loadings I/E: information/education IMP: integrated management practices IPM: integrated pest management kg/ha/yr: kilograms per hectare per year kg/yr: kilograms per year KINEROS2: Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model, v2 lb/d: pounds per day LID: low impact development LIDAR: light detection and ranging LSPC: Loading Simulation Program in C++ LULC: land use/land cover MDC: minimal detectable change mg/L: milligrams per liter MINTEQA2: Metal Speciation Equilibrium Model for Surface and Ground Water MQO: measurement quality objective MRLC: Multi-resolution Land Characteristics MS4: municipal separate storm sewer systems MSGP: multi-sector general permit MUIR: map unit interpretation record MUSIC: Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization MVUE: Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NAWQA: National Water-Quality Assessment NCDC: National Climatic Data Center NDVI: normalized difference vegetation index NED: National Elevation Dataset NEIPCC: New England Interstate Pollution Control Commission NEMI: National Environmental Methods Index NEP: National Estuary Program NGO: non-governmental organization NHD: National Hydrography Dataset NIR: near-infrared NLCD: National Land Cover Dataset NLFA: National Listing of Fish Advisories NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System