Naming Aldehydes and Ketones TABLE 14.1 Common Names of Some Simple Aldehydes Formula Common name Systematic name HCHO Formaldehyde Methanal CH3CHO Acetaldehyde Ethanal H2C-CHCHO Acrolein Propenal CH3CH-CHCHO Crotonaldehyde But-2-enal CHO Benzaldehyde Benzenecarbaldehyde Cengage Learing.All Rights Reserved
Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
Naming Aldehydes and Ketones Ketones named by replacing terminal -e of corresponding alkane name with -one Parent chain is longest chain containing ketone group Numbering begins at end of chain nearer the carbonyl carbon O= CH3CH2CCH2CH2CH3 CH3CH=CHCH2CCH3 CH3CH2CCH2CCH3 1°2341 5 6 6°54321 6°54321 Hexan-3-one Hex-4-en-2-one Hexane-2,4-dione (Old:3-Hexanone) (Old:4-Hexen-2-one) (Old:2,4-Hexanedione)
Ketones named by replacing terminal –e of corresponding alkane name with –one ▪ Parent chain is longest chain containing ketone group ▪ Numbering begins at end of chain nearer the carbonyl carbon Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
Naming Aldehydes and Ketones Some common names accepted by IUPAC 0 C CH3CCH3 CH3 Acetone Acetophenone Benzophenone
Some common names accepted by IUPAC Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
Naming Aldehydes and Ketones If R-C=O is a substituent the name acyl(a-sil)group is used and name ending-yl is attached R H3C An acyl group Acetyl Formyl Benzoyl The prefix oxo-is used if ketone is not highest priority functional group and the carbonyl is considered a substituent on the parent chain See Appendix A and Table A.2 for naming polyfunctional organic compounds containing a ketone 00 CH3CH2CH2CCH2COCH3 Methyl 3-oxohexanoate 654-32-1
If R-C=O is a substituent the name acyl (a-sil) group is used and name ending –yl is attached The prefix oxo- is used if ketone is not highest priority functional group and the carbonyl is considered a substituent on the parent chain ▪ See Appendix A and Table A.2 for naming polyfunctional organic compounds containing a ketone Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
14-2 Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones Preparing Aldehydes Aldehydes from oxidation of primary alcohols using the Dess- Martin periodinane reagent AcO OAc OAc CH2OH CH2Cl2 人 Geraniol Geranial(84%)
Preparing Aldehydes Aldehydes from oxidation of primary alcohols using the DessMartin periodinane reagent 14-2 Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones