10.1 Structure and Nomenclature 1. Nomencature of alcohos A hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon atom CHOH CHaCHOH CH3CHOHCH3 (CH3)3COH Methanol Ethanol 2-Propanol 2-Methyl-2-propanol (methyl alcohol)(ethyl alcohol (Isopropyl alcohol(tert-butyl alcohol) a1 alcohol-级醇a20 alcohol二级醇a3 alcohol三级醇 321 CH2OH H2C=CHCH2OH HC=CCH2OH B envi alcoho 2-Propenol 2-Propynol 苄基醇 (ally alcohol) 2丙炔醇 2丙烯醇0r 烯丙醇
10.1 Structure and Nomenclature 1. Nomencature of alcohols CH3OH Methanol (methyl alcohol) CH3CH2OH Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) a 1 o alcohol 一 级 醇 CH3CHOHCH3 2-Propanol (Isopropyl alcohol) a 2 o alcohol 二级醇 (CH3 ) 3COH 2-Methyl-2-propanol (tert-butyl alcohol) a 3 o alcohol三 级 醇 A hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon atom CH2OH Benzyl alcohol 苄 基 醇 H2 C CHCH2OH 3 2 1 2-Propenol (ally alcohol) 2-丙 烯 醇 or 烯 丙 醇 HC CCH2OH 2-Propynol 2-丙 炔 醇 3 2 1
54321 54321 CHrCHCHbCHCHbOH H,C=CHCH2CHCH3 CH CH 3 OH 2, 4-Dimethyl-1-pentanol 4-Penten-2-oI 2,4-二甲基-1-戊醇 4戊烯-2-醇 12345 CH? CHCH2CHCH 3 OH CsH 5 4-Phenyl-2-pentanol 4苯基-2-戊醇
CH3 CHCH2 CHCH3 4-Phenyl-2-pentanol 4-苯 基 -2-戊 醇 OH C6 H5 1 2 3 4 5 2,4-Dimethyl-1-pentanol 2， 4-二 甲 基 -1-戊 醇 H2 C CHCH2 CHCH3 4-Penten-2-ol 4-戊 烯 -2-醇 CH3 CHCH2 CHCH2 OH CH3 CH3 5 4 3 2 1 OH 5 4 3 2 1
2 Nomenclature of ether CH3CH2OCH2 CH3 CH2=CHCH,OCH3 CH2=CHOCH2=CH2 Diethyl ether Allyl methyl ether Divinyl ether 乙醚 烯丙基甲醚 乙烯基醚 CH3O CH3 CH20 CH 2 Methyl phenyl ether 1-Ethoxy-4-methyl benzene 苯甲醚 1-乙氧基-4-甲基苯
2. Nomenclature of ether CH3 CH2 OCH2 CH3 CH2 =CHCH2 OCH3 CH2 =CHOCH2 =CH2 Diethyl ether 乙 醚 Allyl methyl ether 烯 丙 基 甲 醚 Divinyl ether 乙 烯 基 醚 CH3O CH3 CH2O CH3 1 2 3 4 Methyl phenyl ether 苯 甲 醚 1-Ethoxy-4- methyl benzene 1-乙 氧 基 -4-甲 基 苯
CHrcHCHCHCH C6HsOC(CH3)3 CH3OCH,,OCH3 OCH3 tert-Butyl phenyl ether 2-Methoxypentane 1, 2-Dimethoxyethane 叔-丁基苯醚 2-甲氧基戊烷 1,2-二甲氧基乙烷 Tetrahydrofuran 1. 4-Dioxane (oxacyclopentane) (1, 4-dioxacyclohexane) 四氢呋喃THF 1,4-二氧六环
C6 H5 OC(CH3 ) 3 CH3 CHCH2 CH2 CH3 OCH3 CH3 OCH2 CH2 OCH3 O O O tert-Butyl phenyl ether 叔 -丁 基 苯 醚 2-Methoxypentane 2-甲 氧 基 戊 烷 1,2-Dimethoxyethane 1， 2-二 甲 氧 基 乙 烷 Tetrahydrofuran (oxacyclopentane) 四 氢 呋 喃 THF 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-dioxacyclohexane) 1,4-二 氧 六 环
10.2 Physical properties of alcohols and ethers Alcohols have much higher boiling points than comparable ether or 8+hydrocarbons. R R R Hydrogen bonding between No hydrogen bonding molecules of an alcohols CHrCHOH CH3OCH3 bp.78°C bp.-25°C
10.2 Physical properties of alcohols and ethers Alcohols have much higher boiling points than comparable ether or hydrocarbons. R :O: H H O R − + − Hydrogen bonding between molecules of an alcohols R O R R O R No hydrogen bonding CH3 CH2 OH bp. 78 o C CH3 OCH3 bp. -25 o C