CHAPTER 22 CARBOHYDRATES 22.1 NTRODUCTION 21.1A CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES Carbodydrares: polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones Monosaccharides: simple carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller simpler carbohydrates
CHAPTER 22 CARBOHYDRATES 22.1 INTRODUCTION 21.1A CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES Carbodydrares: polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Monosaccharides: simple carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller simpler carbohydrates
Disaccharides: on a molecular basis. carbohydrates that undergo hydrolysis to produce only two molecules of monosaccharide Trisaccharides: those carbohydrates that yield three molecules of monosaccharide Polysaccharide: carbohydrates that yield a large number of molecules of monosaccharide(>10) Disaccharides Trisaccharides and polysaccharide are easily Hydrolysis to monosaccharide
Disaccharides: on a molecular basis, carbohydrates that undergo hydrolysis to produce only two molecules of monosaccharide. Trisaccharides: those carbohydrates that yield three molecules of monosaccharide. Polysaccharide: carbohydrates that yield a large number of molecules of monosaccharide (﹥10). Disaccharides Trisaccharides and Polysaccharide are easily Hydrolysis to monosaccharide
Carbohydrares are the most abundant organic constitutes of plants We encounter carbohydrates at almost every turn of our daily life 211B PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLESM Carbohydrates are synthesized in green plants by photosynthesis Xco2 yH2O+ solar energy Cy(H2Ov + xO2 Carbohydrate (碳水化合物)
Carbohydrares are the most abundant organic constitutes of plants. We encounter carbohydrates at almost every turn of our daily life. 21.1B PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLESM Carbohydrates are synthesized in green plants by photosynthesis: χCO2 + yH2 O + solar energy Cχ (H2 O) y + O2 χ Carbohydrate (碳水化合物）
Carbohydrates can be released energy when animals or plants metabolize them to carbon dioxide and water Cy(H2O)v XOz Xco2+ yH20+ energy Much of the energy is conserved in ATP. Plants and animals can use the energy of aTp to carry out all of their energy-requiring process When the energy in ATP is used, a coupled reaction takes place in which ATP is hydrolyzed ATP +Ho -energy ADp +p
C χCO2 + yH2 O + energy χ (H2 O) y + O2 χ Much of the energy is conserved in ATP. Plants and animals can use the energy of ATP to carry out all of their energy-requiring process. When the energy in ATP is used, a coupled reaction takes place in which ATP is hydrolyzed: ATP + H2 O -energy ADP + Pi Carbohydrates can be released energy when animals or plants metabolize them to carbon dioxide and water
22.2 MONOSACCHARIDES 22.2A CLASSIFICATION OF MONOSACCHARIDES Monosaccharides are classified according to The number of carbon atoms present in the molecular (2)whether they contain an aldehyde or keto group three carbon atoms- triose(丙糖) four carbon atoms— tetrose(四糖) five carbon atoms→- pentose(戊糖) six carbon atoms— hexose(己醣)
22.2A CLASSIFICATION OF MONOSACCHARIDES 22.2 MONOSACCHARIDES Monosaccharides are classified according to: (1) The number of carbon atoms present in the molecular. (2) whether they contain an aldehyde or keto group. three carbon atoms four carbon atoms five carbon atoms six carbon atoms triose tetrose pentose hexose (丙糖) (四糖) (戊糖) (己醣)