10.3 Important alcohols and ethers 10.3a Methanol choh 300-400° CO+2H2—CH3OH 200-300atm Zno-Cr,o Methanol is highly toxic Ingestion of even small quantities of methanol can cause blindness; large quantities cause death. Methanol poisoning can also occur by inhalation of the vapors or by prolonged exposure to
10.3 Important alcohols and ethers Methanol is highly toxic. Ingestion of even small quantities of methanol can cause blindness; large quantities cause death. Methanol poisoning can also occur by inhalation of the vapors or by prolonged exposure to the skin. 10.3A Methanol CH3OH CO + 2 H2 300-400 o C 200-300atm ZnO-Cr2O3 CH3OH
10.3b Ethanol Ethanol can be made by the fermentation of sugars YEast酵母 CH12O一 CH3CH2OH CO2 Sugar 95号 Ethanol CH2=Ch, +H,o CH3CHDOH acid Ethanol
10.3B Ethanol Ethanol can be made by the fermentation of sugars Yeast C6H12O6 CH3 CH2OH + CO2 Sugar Ethanol 酵 母 95% CH2 =CH2 CH3 CH2 OH Ethanol + H2 O H + acid
10.3C Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol(HOCH2CH2 OH)has a low molecular weight and a high boiling point is miscible with water. It is an ideal automobile antifreeze hO HOCH,CH,OH acid ethylene glycol
10.3C Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) has a low molecular weight and a highboiling point is miscible with water. It is an ideal automobile antifreeze. HOCH2 CH2 OH Ethylene glycol + H2 O H + O acid
10.3D Diethyl Ether Diethyl ether is a very low-boiling, highly flammable liquid care should always be taken when diethyl ether is used in the laboratory, because open flames or sparks from light switches can cause explosive combustion of mixtures of diethyl ether and CHrChOCHbCh3 CH,OCHCH2 You have to add autoxidation Feso, to remove a hydroperoxide a hydroperoxide explosive
10.3D Diethyl Ether Diethyl ether is a very low-boiling, highly flammable liquid. Care should always be taken when diethyl ether is used in the laboratory, because open flames or sparks from light switches can cause explosive combustion of mixtures of diethyl ether and air. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 O2 CH3CH2OCHCH3 O OH explosive a hydroperoxide autoxidation You have to add FeSO4 to remove a hydroperoxide
10.4 Synthesis of alcohols from alkenes 10.4A Hydration of alkenes H +H20一 H OH H2PO4 OH or H2So4
10.4 Synthesis of alcohols from alkenes 10.4A Hydration of alkenes + H2 O H + H OH + H2O H2 PO4 OH or H2 SO4