Organic Chemistry Chapter 1 Carbon Compounds and Chemical B onas 1.1 Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of carbon heat NHA NCO HoNCONH Ammonium cyanate Urea 1.3 The structural theory of organic chemistry
Organic Chemistry Chapter 1 Carbon Compounds and Chemical Bonds 1.1 Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of carbon 1.3 The structural theory of organic chemistry NH4 + NCO - heat H2 NCONH2 Ammonium cyanate Urea
1.3 The Structural theory of organic chemistry 1. Carbon is tetravalent 2. A carbon can use one or more of its valences to form bonds to other carbon atoms Single bond Double bond Triple bond
1.3 The Structural theory of organic chemistry 1. Carbon is tetravalent 2. A carbon can use one or more of its valences to form bonds to other carbon atoms C Single bond C C Double bond C C Triple bond
H -H H Methane Ethene Ethyne CH4 H=CH HC-CH Formula C2H.O HH H H—C HH H H CH3CH2OH CH2OCH Ethyl alcohol Dimethyl Ether Ethanol
H H H H H H H H H H Methane Ethene Ethyne CH4 CH2 =CH2 HC CH H H C H C H H O H H H C H O H H H CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 Ethyl alcohol Dimethyl Ether Ethanol Formula C2H6O
Properties of ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 boiling point oC 78.5 24.9 Melting point C 1173 138 Na(Sodium) Displaces Hydrogen No Reaction The different compounds that have the same molecular formula is called isomers This phenomenon IS called Isomerism
Properties of ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 Boiling Point 0C 78.5 -24.9 Melting point 0C –117.3 -138 Na (Sodium) Displaces Hydrogen No Reaction The different compounds that have the same molecular formula is called isomers. This phenomenon is called isomerism
When ethyl alcohol reacts with sodium CHCHOH Na CH3 CHONa H2 CH?OCH3 na No Reaction This is just the way water reacts with sodium H-O-H Na -----NaoH H2 Constitutional isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula, but differ in their connectivity. that is, in the sequence in which their atoms are bonded together
When ethyl alcohol reacts with sodium CH3 CH2 OH + Na CH3 CH2 ONa + H2 CH3 OCH3 + Na NO Reaction This is just the way water reacts with sodium H-O-H + Na -----NaOH + H2 Constitutional isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula, but differ in their connectivity, that is, in the sequence in which their atoms are bonded together