§16-6 Mean free path(P396-397)了解 kT 2TrN/V 2TTr p 平均自由程与分子的有效直径的平方及分子密度成 反比,而与平均速率无关。 T一定时∝ P一定时∝T
§16-6 Mean Free Path (P396-397) 了解 平均自由程与分子的有效直径的平方及分子密度成 反比，而与平均速率无关。 一定时 p 1 p 一定时 T T r p k T r N V l M 2 2 2 2 1 π π = = /
Chapter 17: Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics重点
Chapter 17: Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics 重点
817-1 Heat as Energy Transfer O Absorbing heat: Q>0; Losing heat: Q<0 o Heat is path- dependent quantity(过程量) Heat is energy that is transferred from one body to another because of a difiference in temperature In SI units, the unit for heat is the joule. 1 Calorie=4. 186J
§17-1 Heat as Energy Transfer Absorbing heat：Q>0；Losing heat：Q<0 Heat is path-dependent quantity（过程量）. 1 Calorie=4.186 J Heat is energy that is transferred from one body to another because of a difference in temperature. In SI units, the unit for heat is the joule
17-2817-3 Heat as Energy Transfer Internal Energy and Specific Heat (404-407) 1.刚性分子能量自由度 分子 由度抨平动r转动i总 Monatomic 3 diatomic 3 polyatomic 3 023 356
17-2&17-3 Heat as Energy Transfer ; Internal Energy and Specific Heat (404-407) Monatomic 3 0 3 diatomic 3 2 5 polyatomic 3 3 6 1. 刚性分子能量自由度 分子 t r i 自由度 平动 转动 总
2. The theorem(principle) of the equipartition of energy能量均分定理(p414) 根据能均分定理,如果气体分子的总自由度为i个, 则它的平均动能就有i份kT/2的能量。 刚性分子能量自由度 分子自由度t平动厂转动i总 单原子分子 3 3 双原子分子3 5 3-25-2 K==kT K==kT 多原子分子 3 3 6 K=3kT
2. The theorem(principle) of the equipartition of energy 能量均分定理 (p414) 单原子分子 3 0 3 双原子分子 3 2 5 多原子分子 3 3 6 刚性分子能量自由度 分子 t r i 自由度 平动 转动 总 根据能均分定理，如果气体分子的总自由度为 i 个， 则它的平均动能就有i 份 kT/2 的能量。 K kT 2 3 = K kT 2 5 = K = 3kT