Step 8 Oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate(catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase; the reaction requires NAD+) COo NAD NADH+H Coo HO--C-H CH CHE malato Coo dehydrogenase Coo LMalate Oxaloacetate △G°"=29.7kJ/mol
Oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate (catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase; the reaction requires NAD+ ) Step 8
Whole pathway Acetyl-CoA SCOA 12H CHat O=c-Co0 O-—c0o CHoco Coo Dehydration HO-CH CHe-Coo Coo Coo Coo CHcoo Coo COz(2HI Dehydrogenation nl-toA Coo COA-SH CoA-SH Substrate-level Oxidative
Whole pathway
Oxaloacetate formation ATE NE ADP N NH dioxide (CH?a-CH. (CHaa-Ch NH NH NH NH CH3ha-CH? Oxaloacetate C-C-CH. NH (enolate -CH aceto form O H H
Oxaloacetate formation
Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 produced by the citric acid cycle The NADH and FADH2 produced by the citric acid cycle are reoxidized and the energy released is used to synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
• Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 produced by the citric acid cycle • The NADH and FADH2 produced by the citric acid cycle are reoxidized and the energy released is used to synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
Energy yield For each turn of the cycle 10 ATP molecules are produced, one directly from the cycle and 9 from the re oxidation of the three Nadh and one FADH2 molecules produced by the cycle oxidative phosphorylation
Energy yield • For each turn of the cycle ,10 ATP molecules are produced , one directly from the cycle and 9 from the reoxidation of the three NADH and one FADH2 molecules produced by the cycle oxidative phosphorylation