Africa 2002:10.7 million deaths Intentional Other 5% 2% 2002年，超过 Injuries 60%的非洲死 7% 亡人数源于传染 Respiratory 性疾病。 2% More than Cardiovascular Infections 60%African 10% 63% deaths result Maternal and perinatal 7% from infectious diseases！ Cancer 4% The Americas 2002:6.0 million deaths Figure 25-10 part 1 Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11/e Intentional Other Infections 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc. 2% 14% 11% Injuries 7% Cancer 19% Diabetes 4% Cardiovascular -Maternal and Respiratory 32% perinatal 4% 非洲与美洲死亡原因的对比上海交通大学通识教育核
19非洲与美洲死亡原因的对比 上海交通大学通识教育核心课程《微生物的世界》 2002年，超过 60%的非洲死 亡人数源于传染 性疾病。 More than 60%African deaths result from infectious diseases!
The Americas 2002:6.0 million deaths Intentional Other Infections 2% 14% 11% Injuries Cancer 7% 19% Diabetes 4% Maternal and Respiratory Cardiovascular 32% perinatal 4% 7% Figure 25-10 part 2 Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11/e Africa 2002:10.7 million deaths 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc. Intentional- Other 5% 在美国，癌症与心脑血管疾病是主要的 2% Injuries- 7% 死亡原因。In the Americas,,cancer and Respiratory 2% cardiovascular diseases are the leading Cardiovascular- Infections 10% 63% Maternal and一 causes of mortality. perinatal 7% Cancer- 4%
20 上海交通大学通识教育核心课程《微生物的世界》 在美国，癌症与心脑血管疾病是主要的 死亡原因。In the Americas, cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality
上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Travel to Endemic Areas 前往疫区 Travelers need to be immunized against diseases that are endemic in foreign countries.前往疫区国家 前需免疫接种。 Table 25.7 Immunizations required or recommended for international travela Disease Destination Recommendationb Yellow fever Tropical and subtropical countries, Immunization required for entry especially in sub-Saharan Africa and 要求免疫 South America Rabies Rural,mountainous,and upland areas Immunization recommended if direct contact with wild carnivores is anticipated Typhoid fever Many African,Asian,Central,and Immunization recommended in areas endemic for South American countries typhoid fever 准荐免疫 "National Center for Infectious Diseases Travelers'Health,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,http://www.cdc.govltravel. bVaccinations are generally recommended for diphtheria,pertussis,hepatitis A,hepatitis B,tetanus,polio,measles,mumps,rubella,and influenza as appropriate for the age of the traveler(Section 22.13).Most U.S.citizens are immunized against these diseases through normal immunization practices.Requirements and recommendations for specific vaccinations for each country are found at the website.Recommendations are also made for other appropriate infectious disease prevention measures,such as prophylactic drug therapy for malaria and plague prevention when visiting endemic areas.There are no current requirements for reentry to the United States. Table 25-7 Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11/e 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc
21 上海交通大学通识教育核心课程《微生物的世界》 Travel to Endemic Areas 前往疫区 Travelers need to be immunized against diseases that are endemic in foreign countries. 前往疫区国家 前需免疫接种。 要求免疫 推荐免疫
上游充通大 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Travelers may be exposed to diseases for which there are no effective immunizations (e.g.AIDS,Ebola hemorrhagic fever,dengue fever),they should take appropriate precautions to prevent infection.如果疫区的 该疾病无免疫方法，如艾滋病、埃博拉出血热、登革热等， 则..小心为上 Avoid unprotected sex ·Avoid insect bites ·Drink treated water Eat properly prepared food 22 上海交通大学通识教育核心课程《微生物的世界》
22 上海交通大学通识教育核心课程《微生物的世界》 Travelers may be exposed to diseases for which there are no effective immunizations (e.g. AIDS, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever), they should take appropriate precautions to prevent infection.如果疫区的 该疾病无免疫方法，如艾滋病、埃博拉出血热、登革热等， 则……小心为上 • Avoid unprotected sex • Avoid insect bites • Drink treated water • Eat properly prepared food • ……
上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1896 1920 1987 2006 三、疫病的出现与再现 Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases 晶蓝且是 u MAA ymAA11A00/CI/
1896 1920 1987 2006 三、疫病的出现与再现 Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases