-Celestial Railroad (1843):an ironic short story about Christian,the hero of John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress 2.features of Hawthorne's stories (1)usually a strong allegorical quality (2)always writes about man in society,rather than simply about man in nature-interest in the dark part of the human mind carefully describes the psychology of his characters his favorite theme;the effects of sin 3.The Scarlet Letter (1850):his masterpiece (1)setting:a strong feeling for the Puritan past of 17th century New England (2)subiect:a study of the effects of the adulterv (3)theme:It is eless tohide guilt in order void punishmen the f th eact of Hester and her lover was really sinful? V.Herman Melville (1819-1891) 1.became a sailor at age twenty m his most important experience in life 2.life at sea-the most important material for his books and short stories 3.features of Melville's stories (1)m9 sea adventures the voyages ofhis heroes:searches for the truth his fiction.mn lives n a world divided into twowa evil,God against Satan,the "head"against the"heart"-no way to overcome these opposites (3)tragic view of life:The universe itself is working against human happiness and of mind.The orld has no place for pure goodness or pure evil. (1)the greatest novel of American literature (2)the voyage of the whaling ship Pequod:a symbolic voyage (3)Moby-Dick,the great White whale:represents God or fate reat deal of factual information about whale-hunting.to make the world of m real (5)Captain Ahab,the central Character "a grand.ungodly.God-like man' -torn between his humanity and his desire to destroy the white whale -These two sides-the light and the dark-fight each other in Ahab. theme Per nal identi is only an illusio VI.Edgar Allan Poe(189-1849) 1.interested in psvchology and the darker side of human nature 2.Poe's contributions to American literature in three areas:the short story,literary criticism and poetry 3 poe's tale of h ro put his characters into unusual situations -carefully describe their feelings of terror or guilt 4.The Fall of the House of Usher(1839) (1)the best known of Poe's tales (2)a successful example of Poe's theory.In short stories."unity of effect is
11 -Celestial Railroad (1843): an ironic short story about Christian, the hero of John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress 2. features of Hawthorne's stories (1) usually a strong allegorical quality (2) always writes about man in society, rather than simply about man in nature-interest in the dark part of the human mind - carefully describes the psychology of his characters -his favorite theme; the effects of sin 3. The Scarlet Letter (1850): his masterpiece (1) setting: a strong feeling for the Puritan past of 17th century New England (2) subject: a study of the effects of the adultery (3) theme: It is useless to hide guilt in order to avoid punishment. (4) question: Whether the act of Hester and her lover was really sinful? V. Herman Melville (1819-1891) 1. became a sailor at age twenty m his most important experience in life 2. life at sea - the most important material for his books and short stories 3. features of Melville's stories (1) more than simple sea adventures -the voyages of his heroes: searches for the truth (2) In his fiction, man lives in a world divided into two warring parts: good against evil, God against Satan, the “head” against the “heart” -no way to overcome these opposites (3) tragic view of life: The universe itself is working against human happiness and peace of mind. The world has no place for pure goodness or pure evil. 4. Moby-Dick (1851) (1) the greatest novel of American literature (2) the voyage of the whaling ship Pequod; a symbolic voyage (3) Moby-Dick, the great White whale: represents God or fate (4) a great deal of factual information about whale - hunting; to make the world of Moby-Dick seem real (5) Captain Ahab, the central Character -“a grand, ungodly, God-like man” -torn between his humanity and his desire to destroy the white whale - These two sides -the light and the dark -fight each other in Ahab. - theme: Personal identity is only an illusion VI. Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) 1. interested in psychology and the darker side of human nature 2. Poe's contributions to American literature in three areas: the short story, literary criticism, and poetry 3. Poe's tales of horror -put his characters into unusual situations -carefully describe their feelings of terror or guilt 4. The Fall of the House of Usher (1839) (1) the best known of Poe's tales (2) a successful example of Poe's theory. In short stories, “unity of effect is
everything" (3)The story's setting and its symbols reveal the character of the hero one of the creators of the modem detective story (1)subject matter m to examine mysteries or problems (2)the hero-the brilliant French detective Monsieur Dupin:one of Poe's finest creations 6.Poe's poetry (1)the interesting part:its sound,rather than its conten (2)Poe constantly experimented with ways to make it musical,and defined poetry as "the rhythmic creation of beauty" 7.Poe's literary criticism (1)intelligent criticism:the key for the development of a national literature for the young country (2)hated bad books and bad writing-His criticisms were usually accurate,but thev also had"the coldness of mathematical demonstrations" VII.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1807m1882) g directly to the hearts of ordinary Americans (1)the hardworking,optimistic philosophy of his countrymen (2)his famous conclusion:"Let us,then,be up and doing." 3.subject matter:to express "the simple dreams of average humanity"-the comfortable dreams and ideals of 19h-century America 2基本概念和知识点 the "new spiritual era"Transcendentalism;Ralph Waldo Emerson,Henry David Thoreau,Nathaniel Hawthorne,Herman Melville,Edgar Allan Poe and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 3问颗与应用 What are the beliefs and ideas of the Transcendentalists? (三)思老与实我 1.What is the theme of Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter? 2.What is the theme of Melville's Moby Dick? (四)教学方法与手段 1.教学方法：课堂讲授与讨论相结合 )数学王母，多媒体里件 Lecture Five The Civil War and the "Gilded Age" (一)目的与要求 1.了解美国南北战争时期的文学概况： 2研究事特局、卫克叶温空文学大师的代表作，联系当时英国和羊国的补会历 史背景以及经济发展状况，深刻了解文学作品产生的社会和文化条件，了解美国 现实主义文学时期背后的社会矛盾，培养学生的全局分析能力： (二)教学内容
12 everything”. (3) The story's setting and its symbols reveal the character of the hero. 5. one of the creators of the modern detective story (1) subject matter m to examine mysteries or problems (2) the hero-the brilliant French detective Monsieur Dupin; one of Poe's finest creations 6. Poe's poetry (1) the interesting part; its sound, rather than its content (2) Poe constantly experimented with ways to make it musical, and defined poetry as “the rhythmic creation of beauty”. 7. Poe's literary criticism (1) intelligent criticism: the key for the development of a national literature for the young country (2) hated bad books and bad writing-His criticisms were usually accurate, but they also had “ the coldness of mathematical demonstrations” . VII. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807m1882) 1. Longfellow - speaking directly to the hearts of ordinary Americans 2. A Psalm of Life (1838) (1) the hardworking, optimistic philosophy of his countrymen (2) his famous conclusion: “Let us, then, be up and doing.” 3. subject matter: to express “the simple dreams of average humanity”-the comfortable dreams and ideals of 19th -century America 2.基本概念和知识点 the “new spiritual era”; Transcendentalism; Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 3.问题与应用 What are the beliefs and ideas of the Transcendentalists? （三）思考与实践 1. What is the theme of Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter? 2. What is the theme of Melville’s Moby Dick? （四）教学方法与手段 1. 教学方法：课堂讲授与讨论相结合 2. 教学手段：多媒体课件 Lecture Five The Civil War and the “Gilded Age” （一）目的与要求 1. 了解美国南北战争时期的文学概况； 2. 研究惠特曼、马克•吐温等文学大师的代表作，联系当时英国和美国的社会历 史背景以及经济发展状况，深刻了解文学作品产生的社会和文化条件，了解美国 现实主义文学时期背后的社会矛盾，培养学生的全局分析能力。 （二）教学内容
1.主要内容 1.Walt Whitman (1819-1892 1.Leaves of Grass(1855) (1)a small book of poems in a completely new form (2)theme:"to define America,her athletic democracy" ()ajoyous curiosity about almost every detail of life 2.Through Whitman American poets finally freed themselves from the old English traditions:he invented a completely new and completely American form of poetic expression. -To him,message was always more important than form. -He was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse -Although he rarely use or mete we can still hear (or feel)a clear rhythm 3.Whitman developed his style to suit his message and the audience he hoped to reach. 4.Whitman strongly believed that Americans had a special role to play in the future of mankind:although he often disapproved of American society,he was certain that the s of America n democrac was th key to the future happiness of mankind. goodness of mankind:two of Whitman's greatest poems-O Captain!My Captain! and When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd,-were written about the murder of Lincoln in 1865. r Stowe(1811-1896) 1.In 1863,when President Lincoln met.Mrs.Stowe in Washington,he greeted he with;"So you're the little woman who made the book that made the great war." 2.Just as Paine's Common Sense had unified American feeling for the Revolution, Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin(1852)united Northern feelings against slavery. 3.As soon as it was published.it be ame grea ular (1)Hundreds of thousands (1861-1865) (2)Since then it has been translated into over twenty languages and millions of copies have been sold worldwide. 4.the effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin as a masterpiece of Abolitionist propaganda III.Emily Dickins n(1830-1886) Another New England woman who wrote during the Civil War 2.cut off from the outside world -able to create a very personal and pure kind of poetry 3.different themes of her work (1)the"search for faith" (2)pain and limitation -probably her only way of expressing the terrible suffering of the Civil War-always the pain of the lonely person at night,never that of the whole battlefield -the pain of the moder Existentialist;The world is"a place where God and nature are silent",and the universe is a"design of darkness
13 1. 主要内容 1. Walt Whitman (1819—1892) 1. Leaves of Grass (1855) (1) a small book of poems in a completely new form (2) theme: “to define America, her athletic democracy” (3) a joyous curiosity about almost every detail of life 2. Through Whitman, American poets finally freed themselves from the old English traditions: he invented a completely new and completely American form of poetic expression. - To him, message was always more important than form. - He was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse. -Although he rarely uses rhyme or meter, we can still hear (or feel) a clear rhythm. 3. Whitman developed his style to suit his message and the audience he hoped to reach. 4. Whitman strongly believed that Americans had a special role to play in the future of mankind: although he often disapproved of American society, he was certain that the success of American democracy was the key to the future happiness of mankind. 5. Whitman greatly admired President, Lincoln and saw him as a symbol of the goodness of mankind: two of Whitman's greatest poems - O Captain! My Captain! and When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom' d, - were written about the murder of Lincoln in 1865. II. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) 1. In 1863, when President Lincoln met. Mrs. Stowe in Washington, he greeted her with; “So you're the little woman who made the book that made the great war.” 2. Just as Paine's Common Sense had unified American feeling for the Revolution, Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) united Northern feelings against slavery. 3. As soon as it was published, it became a great popular success; (1) Hundreds of thousands of copies were sold in America before the Civil War (1861-1865); (2) Since then it has been translated into over twenty languages and millions of copies have been sold worldwide. 4. the effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin as a masterpiece of Abolitionist propaganda III. Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) 1. Another New England woman who wrote during the Civil War. 2. cut off from the outside world -able to create a very personal and pure kind of poetry 3. different themes of her work (1) the “ search for faith” (2) pain and limitation -probably her only way of expressing the terrible suffering of the Civil War-always the pain of the lonely person at night, never that of the whole battlefield -the pain of the modern Existentialist; The world is “a place where God and nature are silent”, and the universe is a “design of darkness