(2)All humanity is naturally good:"Nature has implanted in our breasts a love of other of duty to then ,a moral instinc -afraid that the commercial pressure of city life would destroy this goodness-saw another threat to American democracy in the thinking of the "Federalists (Jefferson's extreme democracy) 2.基本概今和知识点 the Founding Fathers;Declaration of Independence;Benjamin Franklin,Thomas s Jefferson What are the beliefs and ideas of the Founding Fathers? (三)思考与实践 How does the declaratio 《四)教学方法与手段 n of Independence help shape the American Value today? 1.教学方法：课堂讲授与讨论相结合 2.教学手段：多媒体课件 Lecture Three The rise of a national Literature (一)目的与要求 了解美国民族文学的形成过程 2 研究欧文、库伯和布莱恩特的代表作 (二)教学内容 1.主要内容 I.three different points of View about how American literature should grow 1.call for an 2.a new branch of English literature 3.a universal literature II.the greatest American writers 1.combined the best qualities ofthe:literature of the Old and New Worlds ve ther works the univ II Novels-the first popular literature of the newly independent United States 1.The first American novel;William Hill Brown,Power of Sympathy(1789). 2.The first important American novel:Modern Chivalry (1792-1815)by Hugh Henry Brackenridge (1748-1816) IV.The"Knickerbocker era"(1810-1840)of American literature 1.Washington Irving(1783-1859) (1)A History of New York,by Diedrick Knickerbocker(1809) -gives the region of New York City a special"local color". -a masterpiece of comedy which laughs at the Puritans and at New York's s early Dutch governors (2)The Sketch Book(1819) 32 stories in all,including two of the best-loved stories from American literature: Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow -The plots of both stories are based on old German folk tales,but Irving fills them with the "local color"of New York's Hudson River Valley. 6
6 (2) All humanity is naturally good: “Nature has implanted in our breasts a love of others, a sense of duty to them, a moral instinct” -afraid that the commercial pressure of city life would destroy this goodness-saw another threat to American democracy in the thinking of the “Federalists” (Jefferson’s extreme democracy) 2. 基本概念和知识点 the Founding Fathers; Declaration of Independence; Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson 3.问题与应用 What are the beliefs and ideas of the Founding Fathers? （三）思考与实践 How does the Declaration of Independence help shape the American Value today? （四）教学方法与手段 1. 教学方法：课堂讲授与讨论相结合 2. 教学手段：多媒体课件 Lecture Three The Rise of a National Literature （一） 目的与要求 1. 了解美国民族文学的形成过程； 2. 研究欧文、库伯和布莱恩特的代表作。 （二） 教学内容 1. 主要内容 I. three different points of View about how American literature should grow: 1 . call for a national literature 2. a new branch of English literature 3. a universal literature II. the greatest American writers 1 . combined the best qualities of the: literature of the Old and New Worlds 2. gave their works the universality of great literature III . Novels-the first popular literature of the newly independent United States 1. The first American novel; William Hill Brown, Power of Sympathy (1789). 2. The first important American novel: Modern Chivalry (1792-1815) by Hugh Henry Brackenridge (1748-1816) IV. The “Knickerbocker era” (1810-1840) of American literature 1. Washington Irving (1783-1859) (1) A History of New York, by ‘Diedrick Knickerbocker (1809) -gives the region of New York City a special “local color". . -a masterpiece of comedy which laughs at the Puritans and at New York's s early Dutch governors (2) The Sketch Book (1819) -32 stories in all, including two of the best - loved stories from American literature: Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow - The plots of both stories are based on old German folk tales, but Irving fills them with the “local color” of New York's Hudson River Valley
-European subjects,mostly English (3)the first Ar erican to ear his living through literature 2.Neither Washington Irving nor any of the other Knickerbockers really tried to speak for the whole country.For them,the American world tended to stop at the borders of New York State. V.James Fenimore Cooper(1789-1851) 1."the e American Walter Scott much thoughtful criticism of American society-In over 30 novels and several works of non-fiction,he pointed out the best parts of American society and the American personality,and severely criticized the worst parts 2.Although many of Cooper's best-known works are also set in New York State.their characters are"Americans"not simply"New Yorkers representative works (1)The Spy(1821)-his first successful novel (2)Cooper's“Leatherstocking”series -set in the exciting period of America's movement westward -Natty Bumppo(who.is often called Leatherstocking)appears in all of the novels in the seri one of the best-known characters in American literature; a tvpical American pioneer figure. a master of all the skills needed to live and hunt in the forest has an unusually deep love for nature and is afraid of destroying it: unusual s athy for all people. including the Indians a constant theme throughout the series:race conflict,especially between whites and Indians battle scenes between whites and Ind ians -Cooper's two types of Indians: *the“good”on loyal and affectionate ◆the "bad"。 ones filled with evil:cannot be trusted always a sadness in Cooper's depiction of the Ind ians. "a dying race,sacrificed to the advance of white culture Cooper seems to be warning all of humanity that this could be the fate of other -The Pioneers(1823) the first novel of this famous serie *Natty in his old age,and Chingachgook,now a drunkard,both have lost the grace and nobility of their youth The novel has beautiful scenes describing the seasons and life in a frontier village. combines hist adventur e and local ustoms into what he calls“a descriptive tale The Last of the Mohicans (1826) *one of America's most famous novels
7 -European subjects, mostly English (3) the first American to earn his living through literature 2. Neither Washington Irving nor any of the other Knickerbockers really tried to speak for the whole country. For them, the American world tended to stop at the borders of New York State. V. James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) 1. “the American Walter Scott”: much thoughtful criticism of American society-In over 30 novels and several works of non-fiction, he pointed out the best parts of American society and the American personality, and severely criticized the worst parts. 2. Although many of Cooper's best-known works are also set in New York State, their characters are “Americans”, not simply “New Yorkers”. 3. representative works: (1) The Spy (1821) -his first successful novel (2) Cooper's “Leatherstocking” series - set in the exciting period of America's movement westward -Natty Bumppo (who. is often called Leatherstocking) appears in all of the novels in the series: * one of the best - known characters in American literature; * a typical American pioneer figure; * a master of all the skills needed to live and hunt in the forest; * has an unusually deep love for nature and is afraid of destroying it; * unusual sympathy for all people, including the Indians - a constant theme throughout the series: race conflict, especially between whites and Indians - battle scenes between whites and Indians - Cooper's two types of Indians: * the “good” ones; loyal and affectionate; * the “bad” ones : filled with evil; cannot be trusted - always a sadness in Cooper's depiction of the Indians; * a dying race, sacrificed to the advance of white culture * Cooper seems to be warning all of humanity that this could be the fate of other races. - The Pioneers (1823) * the first novel of this famous series * Natty in his old age, and Chingachgook, now a drunkard, both have lost the grace and nobility of their youth. * The novel has beautiful scenes describing the seasons and life in a frontier village. * Cooper combines history, adventure and local customs into what he calls “a descriptive tale”. - The Last of the Mohicans (1826) * one of America's most famous novels * shows Natty at a much younger age * an exciting story, full of action: Characters fight and are taken prisoner, then escape
or are rescued Unas,the Mohican,is the last of his tribe -The Prairie(1827) Nattytoofor eroism But Cooper makes him seem like Moses in the Bible as he guides a group of settlers to their new homeland *His beloved forests have all been cleared and are now farmland. To escape he must now live on the treeless plains The Pathfinder(1840) Natty as a young man He almost marries a girl called Mabel Dunham,but decides to return to his life in the wilderness also changes his hero's manner of speaking,making him a kind of back-woods philosophe .The Deerslaver (1841) Natty in his early twenties *His essential goodness is contrasted with the Indian haters *Natty's fec ng of sadness about the past (3)Cooper's strengths as a writer beautiful description of the victory of time and "civilization over the wilderness most successful in scenes of violent action or of nigh-time terror and mystery (4)Cooper's weaknesses as a writer -character descriptions,often unsatisfactory descriptions of women characters,especially wea (5)Cooper's sea stories one of the first writers of sea stories in america elements of both romanticism and realism: a romantic when describing the sudden changes of weather,the beauty of the ocean, s ships and s a realist be se of his personal knowledge of the sea -The Pilot (1824) set in Revolutionary times *a kind of Leatherstocking tale set on the sea,with fierce battles,narrow escapes and a wise old sailor similar to Natty Bumppo in his old age The Red Rover(1827) *a tale of pirate adventures also set in Revolutionary times (6)Cooper's later writings -seven years in Europe(1826-1832): ◆angered by the 81 shme oke unfavorably about his country: wrote Notions ofthe Americans(1828)in defense -became a political conservative back in America *His family had been part of the farming aristocracy and he wrote the "Littlepage Trilogy"to support this group-The Chainbearer(1845),Satanstoe (1845)and The 8
8 or are rescued. * Uncas, the Mohican, is the last of his tribe. - The Prairie (1827) * Natty in his eighties, too old for heroism * But Cooper makes him seem like Moses in the Bible as he guides a group of settlers to their new homeland. * His beloved forests have all been cleared and are now farmland. * To escape “civilization”, he must now live on the treeless plains. - The Pathfinder (1840) * Natty as a young man * He almost marries a girl called Mabel Dunham, but decides to return to his life in the Wilderness. * Cooper also changes his hero's manner of speaking, making him a kind of back-woods philosopher. - The Deerslayer (1841) * Natty in his early twenties * His essential goodness is contrasted with the Indian haters . * Natty's feeling of sadness about the past (3) Cooper's strengths as a writer. - beautiful description of the victory of time and “civilization” over the wilderness - most successful in scenes of violent action or of nigh-time terror and mystery (4) Cooper's weaknesses as a writer - character descriptions; often unsatisfactory - descriptions of women characters; especially weak (5) Cooper's sea stories - one of the first writers of sea stories in America - elements of both romanticism and realism: * a romantic when describing the sudden changes of weather, the beauty of the ocean, and the mysterious ships and seamen * a realist because of his personal knowledge of the sea - The Pilot (1824) * set in Revolutionary times * a kind of Leatherstocking tale set on the sea, with fierce battles, narrow escapes and a wise old sailor similar to Natty Bumppo in his old age - The Red Rover (1827) * a tale of pirate adventures * also set in Revolutionary times (6) Cooper's later writings - seven years in Europe (1826-1832): * angered by the way Englishmen spoke unfavorably about his country; * wrote Notions of the Americans (1828) in defense - became a political conservative back in America *His family had been part of the farming aristocracy and he wrote the “Littlepage Trilogy” to support this group-The Chainbearer(1845), Satanstoe (1845) and The
Red-skins(1846) Cooper depicts the greed of the"common man"in a democracy;regrets the passing of America's landowning aristocracy and the rise of a new class,the "money- grabbers” VI.William Cullen Bryant(1794-1878) 1.the poet with a third important voices in the era of Irving and Cooper 2.hsphiosophy:democraticandliberal disliked the old neoclassical style -agreed with the Romantic poets of Europe The new poetry"should not simply copy the forms and ideas of the ancient classics. Rather,it should break away fro old pattem *The new kind of poetry should help the reader to understand the world through his emotions. For Bryant,like other Romantics,"the great spring of poetry is emotion",and its aim is to find a new,"higher"kind of knowledge. 4.analysis of Bryant's representative poems (I)Thanatopsis (1817) his first great poem. -shows the deep Romantic spirit of Bryant in his youth -Nature and death are described with a gentle sadness. -The life of man is part of the wonderful life of nature as a whole: The individual so is not alone but part of"the soul of this wide universe"(A Forest Hymn,1825) Almost all of his poetry expresses his excitement at the idea of being part of something so vast. (2)The Prairies (1832) ription of the huge flatlandsofthe American Mid West (③)The Flood ofY and The Lapse of Tim -Bryant's response to the hugeness of time with similar emotions (4)The Indian Girl's Lament and The African Chief -praises the qualities that unite all people (5)his nature poetry way for theTan cendentalist writers who would soon bring American S.a writer with a deep social conscience 2.基本概念和知识点 es Fe nimore Cooper called"the American Walter Scott" What are the three different points of view about how American literature should grow? (四)教学方法与手段 9
9 Red-skins (1846) * Cooper depicts the greed of the “common man” in a democracy; regrets the passing of America's landowning aristocracy and the rise of a new class, the “moneygrabbers”. VI. William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) 1. the poet with a third important voices in the era of Irving and Cooper 2. his philosophy: democratic and liberal 3. his ideas about poetry: - disliked the old neoclassical style - agreed with the Romantic poets of Europe * The new poetry “should not simply copy the forms and ideas of the ancient classics. * Rather, it should break away from the old patterns. * The new kind of poetry should help the reader to understand the world through his emotions. * For Bryant, like other Romantics, “the great spring of poetry is emotion”, and its aim is to find a new, “higher” kind of knowledge. 4. analysis of Bryant's representative poems (I) Thanatopsis (1817) -his first great poem. -shows the deep Romantic spirit of Bryant in his youth -Nature and death are described with a gentle sadness. -The life of man is part of the wonderful life of nature as a whole: * The individual soul is not alone but part of “the soul of this wide universe” (A Forest Hymn, 1825). * Almost all of his poetry expresses his excitement at the idea of being part of something so vast. (2) The Prairies (1832) -an emotional description of the huge flatlands of the American Mid West (3) The Flood of Years and The Lapse of Time -Bryant's response to the hugeness of time with similar emotions (4) The Indian Girl's Lament and The African Chief -praises the qualities that unite all people (5) his nature poetry -prepared the way for the Transcendentalist writers who would soon bring American literature to the attention of the world 5. a writer with a deep social conscience 2. 基本概念和知识点 Washington Irving; James Fenimore Cooper; William Cullen Bryant 3.问题与应用 Why is James Fenimore Cooper called “the American Walter Scott”? （三）思考与实践 What are the three different points of view about how American literature should grow? （四）教学方法与手段
1.教学方法：课堂讲授与讨论相结合 2数学手段，名媒体课件 Lecture Four American Renaissance (一)目的与要求 1了解弟国文梦复兴时期的文学思湖，讲解欢州文艺复兴村羊国文艺复兴时阳 文学的影响，英国文艺复兴和美国文艺复兴之间的关系，相同点和不同点，培养 生的全局观念和批判性思维： 2 研究艾默生 梭罗、霍桑、梅尔维尔、爱伦坡和朗费罗的代表作。 )教学内容 1.主要内容 I Intellectual excitement and activity in the 1830s and 1840s era" theyoung intellectuals of Boston 1.dissatisfied with the old patriotism 2.not interested in America's power and wealth.but in the inner life instead -studied the Greek,German and Indian philosophers -kept diaries about their lives and feelings,or became vegetarians or nudists III.the Transcendentalists -formed a movement of feelings and beliefs rather than a system of philosophy -ejected both the conservative Puritanism of their ancestors and the newer,liberal faith of Unitarianism,seeing both religions as"negative,cold,lifeless" tried to find the truth through feeling and intuition rather than through logic 1 Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) (1)Nature(1836):the clearest stat ment of Transcendentalist ideas (2)The American Scholar(1837):Emerson's famous speech at Harvard University (3)Self-Reliance(1841);filled with memorable lines,familiar to most Americans 2.Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862) -Emerson:wrote about nature in the abstract Thor au:his ruest disciple.putting into pra ctice ma of Emerson's theories;an experienced woodsman whose works are filled with details about plants,rivers and wildlife (1)Civil Disobedience(1849) about his experience in iail in 1846 -theme:"we should be me n first and subjects afterward" -great influence on Tolstoy,Gandhiand Martin Luther King the best-known American essay outside the United States (2)Walden(1854) -about his stay in the hut (1845-1847)he built for himself on the north shore of Walden Pond ne of the greatest works of -a completely Transcendentalist work IV.Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) 1.attacked the Transcendentalists for their ignoring those doubts which"darken o'er the world
10 1. 教学方法：课堂讲授与讨论相结合 2. 教学手段：多媒体课件 Lecture Four American Renaissance （一）目的与要求 1. 了解美国文艺复兴时期的文学思潮；讲解欧洲文艺复兴对美国文艺复兴时期 文学的影响，英国文艺复兴和美国文艺复兴之间的关系，相同点和不同点，培养 学生的全局观念和批判性思维； 2. 研究艾默生、梭罗、霍桑、梅尔维尔、爱伦坡和朗费罗的代表作。 （二）教学内容 1. 主要内容 I. Intellectual excitement and activity in the 1830s and 1840s II. the “new spiritual era”: the young intellectuals of Boston 1. dissatisfied with the old patriotism 2. not interested in America’s power and wealth, but in the inner life instead -studied the Greek, German and Indian philosophers -kept diaries about their lives and feelings, or became vegetarians or nudists III. the Transcendentalists -formed a movement of feelings and beliefs rather than a system of philosophy -ejected both the conservative Puritanism of their ancestors and the newer, liberal faith of Unitarianism, seeing both religions as “negative, cold, lifeless” - tried to find the truth through feeling and intuition rather than through logic 1. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) (1) Nature (1836): the clearest statement of Transcendentalist ideas (2) The American Scholar (1837): Emerson's famous speech at Harvard University (3) Self-Reliance (1841); filled with memorable lines, familiar to most Americans 2. Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) - Emerson: wrote about nature in the abstract - Thoreau; his truest disciple, putting into practice many of Emerson's theories; an experienced woodsman whose works are filled with details about plants, rivers and wildlife (1) Civil Disobedience (1849) - about his experience in jail in 1846 -theme: “we should be men first and subjects afterward” -great influence on Tolstoy, Gandhi and Martin Luther King - the best-known American essay outside the United States (2) Walden (1854) -about his stay in the hut (1845-1847) he built for himself on the north shore of Walden Pond -one of the greatest works of American literature -a completely Transcendentalist work IV. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) 1. attacked the Transcendentalists for their ignoring those doubts which “darken o'er the world