Michael J.Moran Howard N.Shapiro Daisie D.Boettner Margaret B.Bailey FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Eighth Edition WILEY
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Eighth Edition Michael J. Moran | Howard N. Shapiro | Daisie D. Boettner | Margaret B. Bailey
8/e Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics MICHAEL J.MORAN The Ohio State University HOWARD N.SHAPIRO lowa State University DAISIE D.BOETTNER Colonel,U.S.Army MARGARET B.BAILEY Rochester Institute of Technology WILEY
MICHAEL J. MORAN The Ohio State University HOWARD N. SHAPIRO Iowa State University DAISIE D. BOETTNER Colonel, U.S. Army MARGARET B. BAILEY Rochester Institute of Technology Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics 8/e
0I00四000四西0四面00四四 The eighth edition also features a crisp new interior In the twenty-first century,engineering thermodynam- design aimed at helping students ics plays a central role in developing improved ways to better understand and apply the subject matter,and provide and use energy,while mitigating the serious human health and environmental consequences accom- fully appreciate the relevance of the topics to engi- panying energy-including air and water pollution and neering practice and to society. global climate change.Applications in bioengineering, biomedical systems,and nanotechnology also continue to emerge.This book provides the tools needed by spe- 0四0西0团四00团四0 cialists working in all such fields.For non-specialists, This edition also provides,inside the front cover under this book provides background for making decisions the heading How to Use This Book Effectively,an updated about technology related to thermodynamics-on the roadmap to core features of this text that make it so job and as informed citizens. effective for student learning.To fully understand all of Engineers in the twenty-first century need a solid set the many features we have built into the book,be sure of analytical and problem-solving skills as the founda- to see this important element. tion for tackling important societal issues relating to In this edition,several enhancements to improve stu- engineering thermodynamics.The eighth edition devel- dent learning have been introduced or upgraded: ops these skills and significantly expands our coverage The p-h diagrams for two refrigerants:CO2(R-744) of their applications to provide and R-410A are included as Figs.A-10 and A-11, current context for the study of thermodynamic respectively,in the appendix.The ability to locate principles. states on property diagrams is an important skill that is used selectively in end-of-chapter problems. relevant background to make the subject mean- Animations are offered at key subject matter loca- ingful for meeting the challenges of the decades tions to improve student learning.When viewing ahead. the animations,students will develop deeper significant material related to existing technologies understanding by visualizing key processes and in light of new challenges. phenomena. In the eighth edition,we build on the core features Special text elements feature important illustra- that have made the text the global leader in engineering tions of engineering thermodynamics applied to thermodynamics education.We are known for our clear our environment,society,and world: and concise explanations grounded in the fundamen- New ENERGY ENVIRONMENT presenta- tals,pioneering pedagogy for effective learning,and tions explore topics related to energy resource use relevant,up-to-date applications.Through the creativity and environmental issues in engineering. and experience of our author team,and based on excel- lent feedback from instructors and students,we con- Updated BIOCONNECTIONS discussions tie tinue to enhance what has become the leading text in textbook topics to contemporary applications in the field. biomedicine and bioengineering. Additional Horizons features have been included that link subject matter to thought- 000中0四四0团四0西0 provoking 21st century issues and emerging In a major departure from all other texts intended for technologies. the same student population,in this edition we have Suggestions for additional reading and sources for introduced 700 new end-of-chapter problems under the topical content presented in these elements provided heading,c CHECKING UNDERSTANDING.The new prob- on request. lems provide opportunities for student self-testing of fundamentals and to serve instructors as easily graded End-of-Chapter problems in each of the four homework,quiz,and exam problems.Included are a modes:conceptual,checking understanding,skill variety of exercises,such as matching,fill-in- building,and designhave been extensively revised the-blank,short answer,and true-and-false. and hundreds of new problems added. 面
A Textbook for the 21st Century In the twenty-first century, engineering thermodynamics plays a central role in developing improved ways to provide and use energy, while mitigating the serious human health and environmental consequences accompanying energy—including air and water pollution and global climate change. Applications in bioengineering, biomedical systems, and nanotechnology also continue to emerge. This book provides the tools needed by specialists working in all such fields. For non-specialists, this book provides background for making decisions about technology related to thermodynamics—on the job and as informed citizens. Engineers in the twenty-first century need a solid set of analytical and problem-solving skills as the foundation for tackling important societal issues relating to engineering thermodynamics. The eighth edition develops these skills and significantly expands our coverage of their applications to provide • current context for the study of thermodynamic principles. • relevant background to make the subject meaningful for meeting the challenges of the decades ahead. • significant material related to existing technologies in light of new challenges. In the eighth edition, we build on the core features that have made the text the global leader in engineering thermodynamics education. We are known for our clear and concise explanations grounded in the fundamentals, pioneering pedagogy for effective learning, and relevant, up-to-date applications. Through the creativity and experience of our author team, and based on excellent feedback from instructors and students, we continue to enhance what has become the leading text in the field. New in the Eighth Edition In a major departure from all other texts intended for the same student population, in this edition we have introduced 700 new end-of-chapter problems under the heading, c CHECKING UNDERSTANDING . The new problems provide opportunities for student self-testing of fundamentals and to serve instructors as easily graded homework, quiz, and exam problems. Included are a variety of exercises, such as matching, fill-inthe-blank, short answer, and true-and-false. The eighth edition also features a crisp new interior design aimed at helping students • better understand and apply the subject matter, and • fully appreciate the relevance of the topics to engineering practice and to society. Other Core Features This edition also provides, inside the front cover under the heading How to Use This Book Effectively, an updated roadmap to core features of this text that make it so effective for student learning. To fully understand all of the many features we have built into the book, be sure to see this important element. In this edition, several enhancements to improve student learning have been introduced or upgraded: • The p–h diagrams for two refrigerants: CO2 (R-744) and R-410A are included as Figs. A-10 and A-11, respectively, in the appendix. The ability to locate states on property diagrams is an important skill that is used selectively in end-of-chapter problems. • Animations are offered at key subject matter locations to improve student learning. When viewing the animations, students will develop deeper understanding by visualizing key processes and phenomena. • Special text elements feature important illustrations of engineering thermodynamics applied to our environment, society, and world: • New ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT presentations explore topics related to energy resource use and environmental issues in engineering. • Updated BIOCONNECTIONS discussions tie textbook topics to contemporary applications in biomedicine and bioengineering. • Additional Horizons features have been included that link subject matter to thoughtprovoking 21st century issues and emerging technologies. Suggestions for additional reading and sources for topical content presented in these elements provided on request. • End-of-Chapter problems in each of the four modes: conceptual, checking understanding, skill building, and design have been extensively revised and hundreds of new problems added. iii Preface
iv Preface New and revised class-tested material contributes o sample syllabi on semester and quarter bases. to student learning and instructor effectiveness: o errata for both the text and problems. Significant new content explores how thermody- namics contributes to meet the challenges of the o chapter summary information,including Key 21st century. Terms and Key Equations. Key aspects of fundamentals and applications o chapter learning outcomes. within the text have been enhanced. o correlation guides to ease transition between In response to instructor and student needs,class- editions of this text and for switching to this tested changes that contribute to a more just-in- edition from another book. time presentation have been introduced: o text Preface. .TAKE NOTE...entries in the margins are expanded throughout the textbook to improve student Student Companion Site:Helps students learn learning.For example,see p.8. the subject matter with resources including Boxed material allows students and instructors o Steam Table Process Overview-new in this to explore topics in greater depth.For example, edition. see p.109. o animations. Margin terms throughout aid in navigating sub- ject matter. o answers to selected problems. o errata for both the text and problems Supplements o chapter summary information,including Key Terms The following supplements are available with the text: and Key Equations. Outstanding Instructor and Student companion web sites (visit www.wiley.com/college/moran) o chapter learning outcomes. that greatly enhance teaching and learning: o chapter-by-chapter summary of Special Features as Instructor Companion Site:Assists instructors in listed in the Instructor Companion Site. delivering an effective course with resources o text Preface. including Interactive Thermodynamics:IT software is avail- o a new Steam Table Process Overview to assist able as a stand-alone product or with the textbook. students in mastering the use of the steam IT is a highly-valuable learning tool that allows tables for retrieving data. students to develop engineering models,perform o animations-with just-in-time labels in the margins. "what-if analyses,and examine principles in more detail to enhance their learning.Brief tutorials of o chapter-by-chapter summary of Special Fea- /7 are included within the text and the use of /7 tures,including is illustrated within selected solved examples. "the subject of each solved example Skillful use of tables and property diagrams is pre- the topics of all ENERGY ENVIRONMENT. requisite for the effective use of software to BIOCONNECTIONS,and Horizons retrieve thermodynamic property data.The latest features. version of IT provides data for CO2(R-744)and the themes of the DESIGN OPEN R-410A using as its source Mini REFPROP by permission of the National Institute of Standards ENDED PROBLEMS and Technology (NIST). o a complete solution manual that is easy to navigate. WileyPLUS is an online set of instructional,prac- o solutions to computer-based problems for use tice,and course management resources,including the full text,for students and instructors with both IT:Interactive Thermodynamics as well as EES:Engineering Equation Solver. Visit www.wiley.com/college/moran or contact your o image galleries with text images available in local Wiley representative for information on the various helpful electronic formats. above-mentioned supplements
iv Preface • New and revised class-tested material contributes to student learning and instructor effectiveness: • Significant new content explores how thermodynamics contributes to meet the challenges of the 21st century. • Key aspects of fundamentals and applications within the text have been enhanced. • In response to instructor and student needs, classtested changes that contribute to a more just-intime presentation have been introduced: • TAKE NOTE... entries in the margins are expanded throughout the textbook to improve student learning. For example, see p. 8. • Boxed material allows students and instructors to explore topics in greater depth. For example, see p. 109. • Margin terms throughout aid in navigating subject matter. Supplements The following supplements are available with the text: • Outstanding Instructor and Student companion web sites (visit www.wiley.com/college/moran) that greatly enhance teaching and learning: • Instructor Companion Site: Assists instructors in delivering an effective course with resources including a new Steam Table Process Overview to assist students in mastering the use of the steam tables for retrieving data. animations—with just-in-time labels in the margins. chapter-by-chapter summary of Special Features, including the subject of each solved example, the topics of all ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT, BIOCONNECTIONS, and Horizons features, the themes of the DESIGN & OPEN ENDED PROBLEMS a complete solution manual that is easy to navigate. solutions to computer-based problems for use with both IT: Interactive Thermodynamics as well as EES: Engineering Equation Solver. image galleries with text images available in various helpful electronic formats. sample syllabi on semester and quarter bases. errata for both the text and problems. chapter summary information, including Key Terms and Key Equations. chapter learning outcomes. correlation guides to ease transition between editions of this text and for switching to this edition from another book. text Preface. • Student Companion Site: Helps students learn the subject matter with resources including Steam Table Process Overview—new in this edition. animations. answers to selected problems. errata for both the text and problems. chapter summary information, including Key Terms and Key Equations. chapter learning outcomes. chapter-by-chapter summary of Special Features as listed in the Instructor Companion Site. text Preface. • Interactive Thermodynamics: IT software is available as a stand-alone product or with the textbook. IT is a highly-valuable learning tool that allows students to develop engineering models, perform “what-if” analyses, and examine principles in more detail to enhance their learning. Brief tutorials of IT are included within the text and the use of IT is illustrated within selected solved examples. • Skillful use of tables and property diagrams is prerequisite for the effective use of software to retrieve thermodynamic property data. The latest version of IT provides data for CO2 (R-744) and R-410A using as its source Mini REFPROP by permission of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). • WileyPLUS is an online set of instructional, practice, and course management resources, including the full text, for students and instructors. Visit www.wiley.com/college/moran or contact your local Wiley representative for information on the above-mentioned supplements.
Preface Ways to Meet Different Course Needs table illustrates several possible uses of the textbook In recognition of the evolving nature of engineering assuming a semester basis(3 credits).Courses could be taught using this textbook to engineering students with curricula,and in particular of the diverse ways engi- neering thermodynamics is presented,the text is struc- appropriate background beginning in their second year tured to meet a variety of course needs.The following of study. Type of course Intended audience Chapter coverage Principles.Chaps.1-6. Nonmajors Applications.Selected topics from Chaps. 8-10 (omit compressible flow in Chap.9). Survey courses Principles.Chaps.1-6. Majors Applications.Same as above plus selected topics from Chaps.12 and 13. First course.Chaps.1-7.(Chap.7 may be Two-course sequences Majors deferred to second course or omitted.) Second course.Selected topics from Chaps. 8-14 to meet particular course needs
Preface v Type of course Intended audience Chapter coverage • Principles. Chaps. 1–6. Nonmajors • Applications. Selected topics from Chaps. 8–10 (omit compressible flow in Chap. 9). Survey courses • Principles. Chaps. 1–6. Majors • Applications. Same as above plus selected topics from Chaps. 12 and 13. • First course. Chaps. 1–7. (Chap. 7 may be deferred to second course or omitted.) Two-course sequences Majors • Second course. Selected topics from Chaps. 8–14 to meet particular course needs. Ways to Meet Different Course Needs In recognition of the evolving nature of engineering curricula, and in particular of the diverse ways engineering thermodynamics is presented, the text is structured to meet a variety of course needs. The following table illustrates several possible uses of the textbook assuming a semester basis (3 credits). Courses could be taught using this textbook to engineering students with appropriate background beginning in their second year of study