证实接合过程需要细胞门的直接接触的 U型管实验( Bernard davis,1950) Met Thr Leu Thi Met Thr Leu Th Figure 14.13 The U-Tube Experiment. The U-tube experiment used to show that genetic recombination by conjugation requires direct hysical contact between bacteria. See text for details Fritted glass filter
证实接合过程需要细胞间的直接接触的 “U”型管实验( Bernard Davis,1950 )
(2)机制 1s3 Tn1000 are shown: tra, transter functions; oril, origin or transier 含有F因子的细胞:“雄性”菌 oriS, origin of replication; inc, incompatability group; rep, replication functions. The regions shown in yellow on Fare transposable elements where integration into identical ele 不含F因子的细胞:“雌性”菌
(2) 机制 (大肠杆菌的接合机制) 接合作用是由一种被称为F因子的质粒介导 F因子的分子量通常为5×107,上面有编码细菌产生性菌毛 (sex pili)及控制接合过程进行的20多个基因。 含有F因子的细胞:“雄性”菌株(F +),其细胞表面有性菌毛 不含F因子的细胞:“雌性”菌株(F -),细胞表面没有性菌毛
70 94.5/0 tra oriT and onV Figure 14.5 The F plasmid. A map showing the size and gener organization of the F plasmid. The approximate location of several insertion sequences is shown. The tra genes code for proteins neede in pilus synthesis and conjugation. The rep genes code for proteins involved in DNA replication. OriV is the initiation site for circular DNA replication and oriT, the site for initiation of rolling circle replication and gene transfer during conjugation (blue-green) indicates the site at which the oriented transfer of ell begins. A. B, 1, and 2 represent genetic markers. integrated F factor F因子为附加体质粒 既可以脱离染色体在细胞内独立存在,也可插入(整合)到染色体上
F因子为附加体质粒 既可以脱离染色体在细胞内独立存在,也可插入(整合)到染色体上
F因子的四种细胞形式 a)F菌 F因子F、、、与F接合 分高或消除 b)F+菌 与分下 整脱 接或 合离高 c)Hfr菌 合消 除 不正常脱离 d)F菌 形成 F Hfr 子
F因子的四种细胞形式 a)F -菌株, 不含F因子,没有性菌毛,但可以通过 接合作用接收 F因子而变成雄性菌株(F +); b)F +菌株, F因子独立存在,细胞表面有性菌毛。 c)Hfr菌株,F因子插入到染色体DNA上,细胞表面有性菌毛。 d)F′菌株,Hfr菌株内的F因子因不正常切割而脱离染色体时, 形成游离的但携带一小段染色体基因的F因子,特称为F′因 子。 细胞表面同样有性菌毛
1)F+= F菌 的染 与F接合 分离或除 分 整|脱 接 合高 合 除 rane protei 不正常脱离 fic outer membrane n of recipient F Hf Completion of DNA transfer and synthesis. Cells separate 杂交的 gure 9 23 Transfer of plasmid DNA by conjugation. (a)In this example, the Fplasmid of 理化E an F cell is being transferred to an F recipient cell. Note the mechanism of rolling circle replication(ao Figure 8. 28).(b) Details of the replication and transfer process
1) F +×F -杂交 杂交的结果:给体细胞和受体细胞均成为F +细胞 理化因子的处理可将F因子消除而使F +菌株变成F -菌株 F +菌株的F因子向F -细胞转移,但含F因子的宿主细胞 的染色体DNA一般不被转移